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. 2019 May 29;569(7758):663–671. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1236-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — a, Visit chart along the time axis illustrated for each subject. b, Number of healthy baselines across the study per subject. c, Number of event visits (top, RVI; bottom, immunization) since the onset of events. Visits with defined days from onset of events were counted. d, Comparison of before and after normalization of cytokine data in order to correct batch effects during the assay. The after-normalization data show overall reduced coefficient of variation (CV). Red line, 25% CV. An example is shown for correcting five samples from two batches. e, Comparison of before (left) and after (right) LOESS normalization of metabolite data using l-lysine as an example. l-Lysine signal drift with time was independently corrected by fitting a LOESS curve to the l-lysine signal measured in QCs. QCs were injected every ten biological samples and consisted of an equimolar mixture of 150 random samples from the study. Red, l-lysine signals from QCs; green, biological samples in HILIC ESI(+) MS mode.