Table 3.
Major congenital malformations in live-born infants grouped by ovarian stimulation protocols
| DYG + hMG protocol (All births n=1429) | Short protocol (All births n=2127) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infants with malformations, n (%) | 16 (1.12) | 23 (1.08) | 0.914 |
| Category by multiplicity, n/N (%) | |||
| Singletons | 9/873 (1.03) | 12/1321 (0.91) | 0.773 |
| Twins | 7/556 (1.26) | 11/806 (1.36) | 0.867 |
| Category by gender, n/N (%) | |||
| Female | 9/683 (1.32) | 10/1017 (0.98) | 0.520 |
| Male | 7/746 (0.94) | 13/1110 (1.17) | 0.634 |
| Malformations in total, n | 18 | 29 | - |
| Malformation type, n | - | ||
| Q00–Q07 Nervous system | 0 | 0 | |
| Q10–Q18 Eye, ear, face, and neck | 0 | 2 | |
| Q16.1 Congenital absence of auditory canal | 0 | 1 | |
| Q17.0 Accessory auricle | 0 | 1 | |
| Q20–Q28 Circulatory system | 8 | 15 | |
| Q21.0 Ventricular septal defect | 1 | 5 | |
| Q21.1 Atrial septal defect | 2 | 5 | |
| Q21.2 Atrioventricular septal defect | 1 | 1 | |
| Q24.5 Malformation of coronary vessels | 1 | 0 | |
| Q24.9 Congenital malformation of heart, unspecified | 1 | 1 | |
| Q25.0 Patent ductus arteriosus | 2 | 2 | |
| Q28.2 Arteriovenous malformation of cerebral vessels | 0 | 1 | |
| Q30–Q34 Respiratory system | 1 | 0 | |
| Q33.0 Congenital cystic lung | 1 | 0 | |
| Q35–Q37 Cleft lip and cleft palate | 2 | 1 | |
| Q35.3 Cleft soft palate | 0 | 1 | |
| Q36.1 Cleft lip, median | 1 | 0 | |
| Q37 Cleft palate with cleft lipa | 1 | 0 | |
| Q38–Q45 Digestive system | 2 | 3 | |
| Q39.2 Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula without atresia | 0 | 1 | |
| Q40.0 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | 1 | 0 | |
| Q43.1 Congenital megacolon | 1 | 1 | |
| Q45.9 Congenital malformation of digestive system, unspecified | 0 | 1 | |
| Q50–Q56 Genital organs | 0 | 1 | |
| Q54.9 Hypospadias, unspecified | 0 | 1 | |
| Q60–Q64 Urinary system | 1 | 1 | |
| Q62.10 Congenital occlusion of ureter, unspecified | 0 | 1 | |
| Q63.1 Lobulated, fused and horseshoe kidney | 1 | 0 | |
| Q65–Q79 Musculoskeletal system | 1 | 2 | |
| Q66.4 Congenital talipes calcaneovalgus | 1 | 0 | |
| Q69.0 Accessory finger(s) | 0 | 1 | |
| Q69.1 Accessory thumb(s) | 0 | 1 | |
| Q80–Q89 Other malformations | 3 | 2 | |
| Q82.5 Congenital non-neoplastic nevus | 3 | 2 | |
| Q90–Q99 Chromosomal abnormalities | 0 | 2 | |
| Q90.9 Down syndrome, unspecified | 0 | 2 |
Notes: Values are presented as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. aNo detailed follow-up information for specific categorization.
Abbreviations: DYG, dydrogesterone; hMG, human menopausal gonadotropin.