Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of low–risk term cohort by mode of delivery.
| Characteristic Median (IQR) or N (%) | Overall (n = 118) | VD (n = 62) | L–CS (n = 22) | E–CS (n = 34) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | 32 (30–34) | 31.5 (30–35) | 30 (27–32) | 33.5 (32–35) | 0.0003 |
| Maternal BMI | 28.7 (31.3–26.5) | 28.0 (26.0–30.5) | 30.8 (26.6–33.9) | 30.1 (28.1–31.3) | 0.04 |
| Race | |||||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 0.07 |
| White | 74 (70.5) | 42 (73.7) | 10 (52.6) | 22 (75.9) | |
| Asian | 20 (19.1) | 12 (21.1) | 3 (15.8) | 5 (17.2) | |
| Black or African American | 7 (6.7) | 3 (5.3) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (3.5) | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Other (specify) | 3 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (3.5) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 15 (12.7) | 6 (9.7) | 4 (18.2) | 5 (14.7) | 0.50 |
| Para ≥1 (Y/N) | 111 (94.9) | 58 (93.6) | 19 (90.5) | 34 (100) | 0.21 |
| Birth GA (weeks) | 39.3 (39–40) | 39.5 (39.1–40.1) | 39.9 (39.1–40.4) | 39.1 (39.0–39.3) | 0.0005 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 3345 (3120–3590) | 3397.5 (3180–3650) | 3360 (3110–3575) | 3195 (3100–3590) | 0.40 |
| Birth HC | 34.9 (33.7–35.6) | 34.85 (33.7–35.6) | 34.3 (33–35.6) | 34.9 (34.3–35.6) | 0.39 |
| Birth length | 52 (50.8–53.3) | 52.05 (50.8–53.3) | 52.04 (50.8–53.3) | 51.4 (50.2–53.3) | 0.56 |
| Gender male | 57 (48.3) | 26 (41.9) | 15 (68.2) | 16 (47.1) | 0.11 |
| Apgar score 1 min | 8 (8–9) | 8 (8–8) | 8 (8–9) | 8 (8–9) | 0.07 |
| Apgar score 5 min | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 0.79 |
| Age at recording (hours) | 23.1 (17.5–28.9) | 18.8 (16.5–24.7) | 29.8 (13.7–43.8) | 27.1 (22.7–30.2) | 0.0001 |
| Duration of recording (minutes) | 48 (42–52) | 47.5 (42–52) | 50 (45–56) | 48 (41–50) | 0.28 |
| Usable HRV data | 95 (80.5) | 51 (82.3) | 16 (72.7) | 28 (82.4) | 0.59 |
| Usable HD–EEG data | 101 (85.6) | 50 (80.7) | 21 (95.5) | 30 (88.2) | 0.21 |
Abbreviations: VD – vaginal delivery, L–CS– caesarean section in labor, E–CS– elective caesarean section, BMI – body mass index, GA – gestational age, HC – head circumference, HRV – heart rate variability, HD–EEG– high–density electroencephalogram.