Fig. 7.

Short diacylglycerol (DAG) promotes vesiculation by ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1). Quantitative data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. Significance was tested using the two-tailed Student’s t test, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0001, NS P > 0.05. a–d Liposomes with different forms of phosphatidic acid as indicated were incubated with recombinant ARF1 and then examined by electron microscopy (EM). Representative images are shown above, bar = 250 nm. Quantitation of liposome tubulation and vesiculation is shown below; n = 4 independent experiments. e–h Liposomes with different forms of DAG as indicated were incubated with recombinant ARF1 and then examined by EM. Representative images are shown above, bar = 250 nm. Quantitation of liposome tubulation and vesiculation is shown below; n = 4 independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file