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. 2019 Jul 30;9:11047. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47157-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Changes in testicular arterioles blood flow of SHR and protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. (A) Representative photomicrography of intravital microscopy showing the flow stops in rat testicular arterioles (right). (B) The frequency of rhythmic variations in arteriolar blood flow was not altered in SHR at baseline or when stimulated topically with the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II), but the stimulation with norepinephrine (NE) increased the blood flow frequency only in the hypertensive group, and (C) topical application of prazosin, an α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, was able to decrease this frequency. It is important to note that only hypertensive rats responded to the stimulus with norepinephrine and prazosin. (D) Representative images of immunoblotting for HIF-1α and VEGF and the respective membranes stained with Ponceau (top). Increased protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in SHR testes (bottom). Concentrations: NE: 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ M; Ang II: 1.4 × 10⁻⁹ M; Prazosin: 3 × 10⁻⁷ M. Volume: 30 µL. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA or t-test: *p < 0.05 vs Wistar; # vs Wistar NE;⁺vs SHR NE; n = 4–7. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).