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. 2019 Jul 30;9:11047. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47157-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sperm functional test. SHR had worse seminal quality, evidenced by (A) decreased sperm concentration, (B) increased percentage of abnormal morphology, (C) decreased percentage of mitochondrial activity (DAB classes I, II, III, and IV), (D) increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (DHE + nuclei), (E) increased acrosome damaged spermatozoa (FITC-PNA-labeled) and (F) decreased sperm DNA integrity. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. T-test student for comparison between groups: *p < 0.05, significant difference vs Wistar rats; n = 5–6. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).