Table 1.

Mean, Adjusted Per-Member-Per-Month Expenditures for Spine Care Patients in the Intervention and Control Groups for Baseline Through Year 3, and Percentage Change from Baseline to Year 3, for Four Categories of Care: All Care, Spine Surgery Care, Opioids, and Manual Care. Percent Changes from Baseline Are Statistically Significant at p < 0.001

Care category	Group	Per-member-per-month expenditures				Percentage change from baseline to Year 3 (%)
		Baseline	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3
All spine care	Intervention	$24.61	$21.35	$19.57	$17.64	− 28.3
	Control	$22.13	$23.80	$20.05	$20.55	− 7.2
Spine surgery	Intervention	$8.89	$7.08	$5.86	$5.01	− 43.6
	Control	$6.78	$9.86	$6.21	$6.84	0.01
Opioid treatment	Intervention	$1.46	$1.81	$1.94	$1.92	31.5
	Control	$1.17	$2.21	$1.53	$1.42	21.4
Manual care	Intervention	$3.91	$4.24	$4.48	$4.28	9.5
	Control	$3.79	$3.97	$4.43	$4.53	19.5