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. 2019 Apr 23;220(5):882–891. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz195

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 2. — Serotype M28 group A Streptococcus (GAS) isolates have enhanced abilities to adhere to human epithelial cells, relative to M11 isolates. Four serotype M11 and 4 serotype M28 GAS isolates were compared. A, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for detection of the region of difference 2 (RD2)–encoded gene r28 (RD2) revealed that the RD2 element is present in the tested M28 isolates but not in the tested M11 isolates. Amplification of a core chromosomally encoded gene, ropB (Core), served as a PCR control. B, A tissue culture–based adherence assay, using the human epithelial cell line A431. Data are presented relative to findings for the lowest adhering strain. The experiment was performed on 4 occasions, mean values (± standard errors of the mean) shown. Statistical significance was tested via a t test. Neg, negative; Pos, positive.