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. 2019 Jul 24;12:182. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00182

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Copyright © 2019 Dvoriantchikova, Seemungal and Ivanov.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The analysis of DNA methylation in promoters of a subpopulation of photoreceptor and phototransduction genes revealed different dynamics of cytosine methylation in different cell types at different stages of embryogenesis. (A) Mean methylation levels were calculated using the “methylKit” and “MethylSeekR” software packages. (B) Mean DNA methylation levels based on the methylation of individual CpGs in the promoter and first exon regions of photoreceptor and phototransduction genes were reduced in mature photoreceptors during retinal development. (C) Reduced methylation of cytosines in close proximity to a transcription start site (TSS) in photoreceptor genes was accompanied by increased expression of these genes (NCBI-GEO RNA-seq data GSE101986; Gene_Normalized-CPM is the normalized gene level at counts-per-million).