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. 2019 Jul 24;10:1752. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01752

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Copyright © 2019 Quinlan, Merino-Serrais, Di Grande, Dussmann, Prehn, Ní Chonghaile, Henshall and Jimenez-Mateos.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypoxia-induced seizures induce acute inflammation and microglia proliferation in a neonatal mouse model. (A,B) IL1β mRNA and protein levels are increased acutely in hypoxia-exposed pups compared to control [n = 6 per group. *p < 0.05. A, F: 4.854, t: 3.028 (vs. control), t: 0.568 (vs. 6 h). B, F: 4.477, t: 2.485)] (C,D) TNFα mRNA and protein levels are increased acutely in the hippocampus in hypoxia exposed mice compared to control [n = 6 per group. *p < 0.05. C, F: 6.736, t: 2.975 (vs. control), t: 2.138 (vs. 6 h). D, F: 1.322, t: 2.260)]. (E,F) Levels of IL1β and TNFα were normalized at 1 week and 6 weeks after hypoxia (n = 6 per group). (G) Representative confocal images of double-staining cells with BrdU and NeuN (neuronal marker, NeuN/BrdU) or GFAP (astrocytic marker, GFAP/BrdU) or Iba1 (microglia marker, Iba1/BrdU) in the hippocampus 72 h post hypoxia. Scale bar: 10 μm. (H–J) Quantification of the percentage of BrdU positive cells are also positive for NeuN (H), GFAP (I) or Iba 1 (J) (n = 16 per group. **p < 0.01. J, F: 1.471, t: 3.133). (K) Representative scatter plot shows the distribution of CD45 and CD11 from control brain. (L) Quantitative analysis of the percentage of CD11⁺/CD45^low as a representation of the microglia population in control and hypoxia exposed pups (n = 6 per group. **p < 0.01. F: 2.397, t: 3.831).