Table 1.
Effect of bufalin on androgen receptor (AR) and select target genes and top-30 upregulated genes (24 h exposure) in LNCaP cells. Expressed as fold over control set as unity.
| SYMBOL | 10 nM bufalin | 20 nM bufalin | Major Functions | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAPDH | 0.94 | 0.86 | House keeping gene, glycolysis | |
| ACTB | 1.8 | 2.0 | Beta-actin, House keeping gene | |
| ACTG1 | 1.2 | 1.6 | Gamma- actin1 | |
| ACTA2 | 1.6 | 1.4 | Smooth muscle actin | |
| AR | 1.1 | 0.75 | Androgen receptor | |
| KLK3 (PSA) | 0.99 | 0.73 | AR target gene | |
| KLK2 | 0.68 | 0.58 | KLK family member | |
| KLK4 | 1.4 | 0.49 | KLK family member | |
| NKX3–1 | 0.57 | 0.21 | AR target gene | |
| SRA-1 | 0.91 | 0.79 | Steroid receptor RNA activator 1 | |
| TP53 | 1.2 | 1.0 | P53 tumor suppressor gene | |
| CYR61/CCNI | 10.6 | 25.2 | Senescence, DDR, P53, ROS, P16 activator | 22566095 |
| CTGF/CCN2 | 3.7 | 13.1 | Senescence, TGFβ target, cancer catabolism | 22684333 |
| PPP1R15A/GADD34 | 3.8 | 10.0 | Senescence, DDR, P53 activator | 14635196 |
| BCL6 | 6.0 | 7.4 | Senescence, P53 target, Apoptosis suppressor | 18524763 |
| CDKN1A (P21Cip1) | 7.2 | 7.2 | Senescence, P53 target, DDR, cycle arrest | 8242752 |
| HMOX1 | 2.7 | 14.3 | Cellular stress, ROS, P53 target | 17933770 |
| DUSP1 | 7.5 | 11.2 | Cellular stress, ROS, P53 target | 18403641 |
| DUSP5 | 3.1 | 5.3 | Cellular stress, ROS, P53 target | 12944906 |
| TXNIP | 5.7 | 5.5 | Cellular stress, ROS, P53 activator | 23823478 |
| IFRD1/PC4/Tis7 | 4.1 | 5.7 | Cellular stress, P53 activator | 17785449 |
| SDC4 | 3.9 | 7.5 | Cellular stress, hypoxia | 15141079 |
| TRIB1 | 3.8 | 5.9 | Cellular stress, ER cheperone, p53 inactivator | 25832642 |
| ATF3 | 5.8 | 12.7 | Cellular stress sensor, P53 target | 21927023 |
| TSC22D3 | 7.6 | 8.0 | Cellular stress sensor, osmotic | 17147695 |
| SIPA1L2 | 3.9 | 6.6 | Cellular stress response | 22178795 |
| IER5 | 3.2 | 7.3 | Cellular stress , chaperone, checkpoint | 23273978 |
| RNF103/Kf-1 | 3.2 | 5.4 | Cellular ER stress, ubiquitin ligase | 18675248 |
| NUPR1/Com1/p8 | 3.3 | 5.3 | Cellular stress, P53 interactor, P21 activator | 18690848 |
| GADD45B | 7.2 | 13.6 | Growth arrest, p53 target | 23948959 |
| GADD45A | 6.4 | 12.1 | DDR, p53 target | 10779360 |
| BTG2 | 4.3 | 5.4 | DDR, P53 target, cycle arrest | 8944033 |
| GDF15/NAG-1 | 9.0 | 7.6 | Tumor suppressor, P53 target | 23220538 |
| EFNA1 | 3.9 | 7.4 | Tumor suppressor, anti-proliferation | 17949899 |
| ERRFI1 | 3.9 | 7.2 | Tumor suppressor, anti-proliferation | 17351343 |
| TNFRSF12A | 5.1 | 9.1 | Androgen receptor repressed metastasis gene | 24970477 |
| ELF3 | 6.2 | 8.4 | Androgen receptor repressor | 23435425 |
| GABARAPL1 | 3.5 | 5.5 | Autophagy, maturation | 20404487 |
| ISG20L1 | 2.1 | 5.6 | Autophagy, P53 target | 20429933 |
| SLC38A2 | 5.2 | 6.6 | Solute transport | 21622135 |
| KLHL28 | 3.3 | 6.2 | Ubiquitination regulator | 21145461 |