Table 1.
Sample characteristics and group differences in CSF biomarkers
| N = 205 | Total Sample | HC (n = 76) | HC vs. SCDb | SCD (n = 105) | SCD vs. Relb | Relatives of AD (n = 24) | HC vs. Relb | F value/chi2 valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years, mean, SD) | 68.9 (5.4) | 68.3 (4.9) | * | 70.4 (5.5) | *** | 64.5 (3.7) | ** | 14.2***, p < 0.001 |
| Sex (female; n, %) | 107 (52.2) | 42 (55.3) | 48 (45.7) | * | 17 (70.8) | 5.4, p = .07 | ||
| Education (in years, mean, SD) | 14.7 (2.9) | 14.6 (2.8) | 15.0 (3.1) | 13.6 (2.5) | 2.1, p = .12 | |||
| MMSE (mean, SD) | 29.26 (0.95) | 29.4 (0.9) | 29.2 (0.9) | 28.9 (1.2) | 2.38, p = .09 | |||
| Word list recall (mean, SD) | 7.5 (1.7) | 7.9 (1.6) | 7.3 (1.7) | 7.1 (2.2) | 2.97, p = .053 | |||
| GDS (mean, SD) | 1.27 (1.6) | 0.7 (1.3) | *** | 1.8 (1.8) | ** | 1.0 (1.5) | 13.05***, p < 0.001 | |
| APOE genotype | ||||||||
| APOE4 genotype of all APOE (n, %) | 53 (25.9) | 15 (21.4) | 31 (33.7) | 7 (43.8) | 4.50, p = 0.105 | |||
| CSF biomarkersa | ||||||||
| Aß42 (pg/ml; mean, SD) | 768.55 (313.89) | 851.80 (301.55) | ** | 708.64 (316.88) | 767.00 (289.93) | 4.23*, p < .05 | ||
| Aß42/Tau ratio (mean, SD) | 1.15 (0.48) | 1.28 (0.47) | ** | 1.06 (0.49) | 1.14 (0.40) | 4.02*, p < .05 | ||
| Total Tau (mean, SD) | 393.46 (175.63) | 384.73 (165.199) | 404.506 (195.333) | 372.799 (103.895) | 0.081, p = .923 | |||
| p-Tau-181 (pg/ml; mean, SD) | 51.00 (20.82) | 51.22 (18.51) | 51.73 (23.94) | 46.81 (12.32) | 0.94, p = .940 | |||
Bonferroni adjusted p values; p value = .05, two-tailed sign
SD standard deviation, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, HC Healthy Controls
*Significant results on the α < .05 level
**Significant results on the α < .01 level
***Significant results on the α < .001 level
aTests of CSF biomarkers are adjusted for age
bPost hoc t tests for continuous and chi2 tests for categorical variables (sex and APOE4)
cF values were presented for continuous variables, chi2 values for categorical variables (sex and APOE4)