Table 2.

The association between birth weight and blood pressure based on the analysis of covariance

Birth weight, g		N	Systolic blood pressure (SBP)								Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
			Mean	SD	Estimated marginal means 1a	SE1	P1c	Estimated marginal means 2b	SE2	P2d	Mean	SD	Estimated marginal means 1a	SE1	P1c	Estimated marginal means 2b	SE2	P2d
Total	< 2000	236	104.01	12.26	105.54	0.74	.038	106.00	0.72	.017	65.12	8.27	65.82	0.53	.120	66.08	0.52	.075
	2000–2499	490	103.88	12.04	103.90	0.51	1.000	104.43	0.50	1.000	64.64	8.47	64.65	0.37	1.000	64.95	0.36	1.000
	2500–2999	2398	102.99	11.87	103.19	0.23	Ref	103.56	0.23	Ref	64.28	8.28	64.34	0.17	Ref	64.55	0.16	Ref
	3000–3499	6445	104.15	11.86	104.19	0.14	.004	104.28	0.14	.092	64.87	8.30	64.87	0.10	.092	64.93	0.10	.755
	3500–3999	4095	105.37	12.32	105.37	0.18	< 0.001	105.13	0.17	< 0.001	65.52	8.33	65.55	0.13	< 0.001	65.41	0.13	0.001
	≥ 4000	1660	107.16	12.33	106.49	0.28	< 0.001	105.96	0.27	< 0.001	66.40	8.44	66.16	0.20	< 0.001	65.86	0.20	< 0.001
Boys	< 2000	124	105.18	12.28	106.97	1.04	.598	107.72	1.00	.219	65.40	9.02	66.20	0.76	1.000	66.61	0.74	1.000
	2000–2499	217	105.28	12.54	105.25	0.79	1.000	105.88	0.76	1.000	64.62	8.47	64.64	0.57	1.000	64.99	0.56	1.000
	2500–2999	1066	104.60	12.22	104.70	0.36	Ref	105.14	0.34	Ref	64.99	8.75	65.03	0.26	Ref	65.27	0.25	Ref
	3000–3499	3084	105.78	12.36	105.70	0.21	.226	105.83	0.20	1.000	65.41	8.63	65.38	0.15	1.000	65.44	0.15	1.000
	3500–3999	2350	106.39	12.61	106.52	0.24	< 0.001	106.27	0.23	.087	65.69	8.54	65.73	0.17	.350	65.60	0.17	1.000
	≥ 4000	1078	107.98	12.44	107.64	0.35	< 0.001	107.18	0.34	< 0.001	66.50	8.55	66.38	0.26	.003	66.12	0.25	.253
Girls	< 2000	112	102.72	12.16	103.92	1.04	.573	104.12	1.02	.638	64.80	7.39	65.40	0.74	.415	65.53	0.73	.462
	2000–2499	273	102.78	11.53	102.52	0.67	1.000	102.96	0.65	1.000	64.66	8.48	64.56	0.48	1.000	64.83	0.47	.972
	2500–2999	1332	101.70	11.42	101.67	0.30	Ref	101.97	0.29	Ref	63.71	7.85	63.70	0.22	Ref	63.89	0.21	Ref
	3000–3499	3361	102.65	11.18	102.60	0.19	.140	102.66	0.19	.719	64.38	7.95	64.35	0.14	.152	64.39	0.13	.639
	3500–3999	1745	104.00	11.79	104.20	0.26	< 0.001	103.97	0.26	< 0.001	65.29	8.03	65.39	0.19	< 0.001	65.25	0.18	< 0.001
	≥ 4000	582	105.64	11.98	105.32	0.46	< 0.001	104.72	0.45	< 0.001	66.21	8.23	66.05	0.33	< 0.001	65.68	0.32	< 0.001

SD Standard deviation, SE Standard error, Ref Reference

^aCalculated in the analysis of covariance after adjusting for age, gestational age, area of residence, and season of birth

^bAdditional adjustment for BAZ

^cbased on estimated marginal means 1; reference: birth weight 2500–2999 g

^dbased on estimated marginal means 2; reference: birth weight 2500–2999 g