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. 2019 Jul 17;21(7):e13041. doi: 10.2196/13041

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©Juliane Pfarr, Michael T Ganter, Donat R Spahn, Christoph B Noethiger, David W Tscholl. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 17.07.2019.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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The results enabled 30 direct intraparticipant comparisons. All except 2 participants achieved a better performance with the avatar. The number of perceived changes in the patient’s condition quadrupled in scenario 1 and more than doubled in scenario 2. Median perceived confidence: 0=very unconfident, 1=unconfident, 2=confident, and 3=very confident. Paired Student t tests showed statistical significance for all results.