| Vital sign | Scenario 1 (n=16) | Scenario 2 (n=13) | ||||
| Conventional, n (%) | Avatar, n (%) | P valuea | Conventional, n (%) | Avatar, n (%) | P valuea | |
| Pulse too high | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | >.99 | 13 (100) | 12 (92) | >.99 |
| Pulse too low | 8 (50) | 0 (0) | .002 | 9 (69) | 1 (8) | <.004 |
| Blood pressure too high | 0 (0) | 16 (100) | <.001 | 1 (8) | 13 (100) | <.001 |
| Blood pressure too low | 4 (25) | 4 (25) | >.99 | 0 (0) | 6 (46) | .010 |
| Saturation too low | 10 (63) | 15 (94) | .080 | 2 (15) | 9 (69) | .020 |
| Central venous pressure too high | 2 (13) | 15 (94) | <.001 | 0 (0) | 7 (54) | .005 |
| Central venous pressure too low | 0 (0) | 10 (63) | <.001 | 1 (8) | 2 (15) | >.99 |
| ST-Segment abnormal | 4 (25) | 7 (44) | .46 | 4 (31) | 2 (21) | .64 |
| Expiratory carbon dioxide concentration too high | 4 (25) | 16 (100) | <.001 | 3 (21) | 13 (100) | <.001 |
| Expiratory carbon dioxide concentration too low | 5 (31) | 10 (63) | .16 | 2 (15) | 1 (8) | >.99 |
| Respiratory rate too high | 1 (6) | 14 (88) | <.001 | 3 (23) | 11 (85) | .005 |
| Respiratory rate too low | 2 (13) | 2 (13) | >.99 | 2 (15) | 2 (15) | >.99 |
| Tidal volume too high | 2 (13) | 15 (94) | <.001 | 1 (8) | 6 (46) | .070 |
| Tidal volume too low | 2 (13) | 2 (13) | >.99 | 1 (8) | 1 (8) | >.99 |
| Brain activity high | 2 (13) | 9 (56) | .020 | 0 (0) | 5 (38) | .040 |
| Body temperature too high | 2 (13) | 16 (100) | <.001 | 0 (0) | 12 (92) | <.001 |
| Body temperature too low | 0 (0) | 9 (56) | <.001 | 0 (0) | 7 (54) | .005 |
| Neuromuscular relaxation high | 0 (0) | 5 (31) | .040 | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | .48 |
aFisher exact test.