Table 2.

Estimated Mean Difference in BP and Dietary Linoleic Acid Higher by 2 SDs (Sequential Regression Models)

		SBP		DBP
Model	Other Variables, Added Subsequently*	Difference, mm Hg	z Score	Difference, mm Hg	z Score
All of the participants (n=4680)
1		−0.45	−1.12	−0.34	−1.26
2	Urinary Na, urinary K, alcohol	−0.39	−0.96	−0.31	−1.12
3	Cholesterol, total SFA, calcium	−0.45	−1.60	−0.54	−1.24
4	Phosphorus	−0.44	−1.56	−0.50	−1.14
Nonintervened participants (n=2238)
1		− 1.54	−2.56†	−0.92	−2.28†
2	Urinary Na, urinary K, alcohol	− 1.36	−2.25†	−0.83	−2.02†
3	Cholesterol, total SFA, calcium	− 1.39	−2.23†	−0.92	−2.17†
4	Phosphorus	− 1.42	−2.26†	−0.91	−2.14†

Units are millimoles per 24 hours (urinary Na and urinary K), grams per 24 hours (alcohol), milligrams per 1000 kcal (calcium, phosphorus, and cholesterol), and percentage of kilocalories (SFA). All of the nutrients are from foods only, exclusive of amounts from dietary supplements. The 2-SD difference in dietary linoleic acid is 3.766 %kcal. All of the tests for cross-country heterogeneity were nonsignificant (P>0.05).

^*Model 1 includes sample, age, gender, height, weight, physical activity, family history of high BP, special diet, supplement intake, and CVD-diabetes diagnosis (the latter 3 variables were not included in model 1 for nonintervened participants). From models 2 to 4, variables listed are added to each previous model. Special diet indicates weight loss, weight gain, vegetarian, salt reduced, diabetic, fat modified, or any other special diet. CVD-diabetes indicates history of heart attack, other heart disease, stroke, or diabetes. Supplement intake indicates taking any dietary supplement at the time of the study.

^†P<0.05.