Table 3.

Smoking status and cerebral blood flow in candidate brain regions.

	Betaa	95% CI	p	Meanb	SE
Hippocampus CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			49.55	0.66
Former smoker	−0.87	−2.92, 1.18	0.404	48.68	0.80
Current smoker	−0.27	−3.13, 2.59	0.854	49.28	1.24
Parahippocampal gyrus CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			48.35	0.76
Former smoker	−0.29	−2.65, 2.08	0.773	48.06	0.92
Current smoker	−0.03	−3.33, 3.27	0.986	48.32	1.43
Entorhinal cortex CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			45.02	1.10
Former smoker	1.58	−1.87, 5.04	0.368	46.60	1.35
Current smoker	3.42	−1.41, 8.24	0.165	48.43	2.09
Cuneus CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			58.14	0.78
Former smoker	−2.96	−5.41, −0.51	0.018	55.18	0.96
Current smoker	2.04	−1.38, 5.47	0.241	60.18	1.48
Precuneus CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			63.12	0.93
Former smoker	−3.54	−6.45, −0.63	0.017	59.58	1.14
Current smoker	−0.08	-4.14, 3.98	0.968	63.04	1.76
Putamen CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			48.67	0.59
Former smoker	−3.32	−5.16, −1.48	<0.001	45.35	0.72
Current smoker	0.77	−1.80, 3.34	0.557	49.44	1.11
Insula CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			53.40	0.71
Former smoker	−2.74	−4.95, −0.53	0.015	50.66	0.86
Current smoker	−0.10	−3.18, 2.99	0.951	53.31	1.33
Caudate CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			38.72	0.54
Former smoker	−0.65	−2.35, 1.05	0.453	38.06	0.66
Current smoker	0.39	−1.99, 2.76	0.750	39.10	1.03
Thalamus CBF
Never-smoker	Ref.			48.31	0.92
Former smoker	−0.92	−3.77, 1.93	0.528	47.40	1.11
Current smoker	0.50	−3.48, 4.48	0.804	48.82	1.72

^aCoefficients adjusted for age, sex, race, educational attainment, study center, body mass index, history of high cholesterol, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of cerebro- and cardio-vascular events, history of respiratory disease, alcohol use, physical activity, and depressive symptoms; n = 522.

^bAdjusted means and standard errors of CBF values across smoking groups obtained from the multivariable regression models.

CBF: cerebral blood flow.