Table 3.
Main clinical and radiological results in the three D4DCTA pattern groups.
| Sustained hypoperfusion (N = 32) | Delayed compensation (N = 18) | Reperfusion (N = 11) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking, n (%) | 10 (31) | 6 (33) | 1 (9) | 0.304 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 18 (56) | 9 (50) | 7 (64) | 0.770 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (25) | 2 (11) | 3 (27) | 0.414 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 11 (34) | 6 (33) | 7 (64) | 0.190 |
| Intravenous thrombolysis, n (%) | 16 (50) | 11 (61) | 8 (73) | 0.392 |
| Baseline NIHSS, median (IQR) | 4 (3–7) | 4.5 (3–7) | 4 (4–10) | 0.434 |
| SBP at admission, mmHg, mean (SD) | 168 (27) | 149 (20) | 146 (28) | 0.010 |
| DBP at admission, mmHg, mean (SD) | 89 (16) | 84 (20) | 81 (18) | 0.365 |
| Glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 141 (54) | 129 (41) | 133 (39) | 0.713 |
| Fluctuating symptoms, n (%) | 21 (34) | 24 (39) | 33 (55) | 0.497 |
| Neurological worsening, n (%) | 6 (9) | 10 (17) | 6 (9) | 0.712 |
| mRS score > 1 at 90 days, n (%) | 32 (53) | 17 (27) | 22 (36) | 0.198 |
| Low attenuations on NCCT, n (%) | 6 (9) | 14 (22) | 28 (45) | 0.033 |
| Infarct volume on DWI, cc, median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.9 (0.3–2.1) | 0.963 |
| Time to CTP, minutes, median (IQR) | 225 (122–322) | 166 (113–247) | 274 (216–535) | 0.101 |
| WMH volume on FLAIR, cc, median (IQR) | 3.2 (1.4–11.3) | 5.0 (1.9–14.1) | 5.1 (1.7–8.4) | 0.494 |
| CBF, mL/100 g/min, mean (SD) | 29.5 (13.7) | 26.1 (11.3) | 57 (27.5) | <0.001 |
| CBV, mL/100 g, mean (SD) | 3.2 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.5) | 3.7 (1.0) | 0.17 |
| TTD, s, mean (SD) | 8.6 (3.7) | 8.8 (2.7) | 4.5 (2.3) | 0.001 |
| GVD, s, median (IQR) | 6 (6–6.8) | 6 (5–7) | 6.5 (6–7) | 0.645 |
NHISS: National institute of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: modified Rankin Scale; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NCCT: non-contrast computed tomography; DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; CTP: computed tomography perfusion; FLAIR: fluid attenuated inverse recovery; WMH: white matter hyperintensities; CBF: cerebral blood flow; CBV: cerebral blood volume: TTD: time to drain; GVD: global venous drainage; IQR: interquartile range: SD: standard deviation.