Data are presented as mean + SD. (a) Patients demographics. (b) pGSN levels were significantly reduced in HIE patients, before the commencement of hypothermia and up to 96 h after the start of hypothermia. Differences were detected by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey t test [F(5,105) = 7.01, **p < 0.01 vs. Control and HIE 0 h, ††p < 0.01 vs. HIE 0 h] (Control n = 16, HIE 0 h n = 25, HIE 6 h n = 22, HIE 24 h n = 19, HIE 72 h n = 22, HIE 96 h n = 7). (c) We observed an overall reduction of plasma pGSN levels in moderate-severe HIE cases, and this effect was slightly worsened in severe cases when compared with mild HIE patients by Student t test for independent samples, although differences only reached statistical significance at 24 and 72 h; t = 0, p = 0.312 (mild n = 8, moderate-severe n = 17); t = 6, p = 0.052 (mild n = 5, moderate-severe n = 17); t = 24, *p = 0.017 vs. mild (mild n = 4, moderate-severe n = 15); t = 72, **p = 0.004 vs. mild (mild n = 7, moderate-severe n = 15); t = 96, p = 0.645 (mild n = 4, moderate – severe n = 3). (d) Significant correlations were detected between the delay in the start of hypothermia and pGSN levels at 24 and 72 h by Pearson’s correlations (*p = 0.025, **p = 0.007).