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. 2019 Jul 24;10:1684. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01684

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Copyright © 2019 Liu, Fan, Zhang, Dai, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characteristics of the PVX-m460 hybrids in systemically infected leaves of N. benthamiana. (A) Systemic symptoms of PVX, PVX-m460, PVX-NES-m460, and PVX-NLS-m460 at 10 dpi. The scattered necrotic spots induced by PVX-m460 or PVX-NES-m460 are indicated with arrows, and the regions within dashed circles were enlarged to better visualize the tiny necrosis. (B) Northern-blot analysis of RNA from the systemically infected leaves (10 dpi) with a similar developmental stage. Bands corresponding to the PVX viral RNAs are indicated, and methylene blue stain of 28S rRNA was used as a loading control. Numbers represent means with SD, indicating the relative abundance of the gRNA normalized to that of PVX. The experiments were repeated at least two times with similar results.