Table 3.

Characteristics of excluded studies investigating 1-vs. 3-sets.

References	Design	Status	Sex	N	Age, y, mean ± SD or range	Frequency	Duration (wk)	Sets	Reps	Strength outcomes	The reasoning for exclusion from the current analysis
Kraemer, 1997	RAN	T	M	40	20± 2.3	3	12	1/3	8–12	1RM BP, 1RM LP	Excluded due to differences between groups, single circuit group performed forced reps at the end, and multiple circuit group did no forced reps
Borst et al., 2001	CT	U	C	31	37± 7	3	25	1/3	8–12	Sum of 1RM for CP and LExt	Excluded due to inadequate evidence of pre-and post-intervention training means and SDs to calculate an effect size
McBride et al., 2003	RCT	U	C	28	21.52± 1.3	2	12	1/3	6–15	1RM LP; 1RM BC	Excluded due to amount of sets subjects were performing
Galvão and Taaffe, 2005	RAN	U	C	28	65–78	2	20	1/3	8	Maximum isokinetic and isometric KExt strength	Excluded due to subjects age range
Munn et al., 2005	RCT	U	C	115	20.6 ± 6.1	3	6	1/3	6–8	1RM EFlex	Excluded due to the primary aim, which was the effects of contraction speed with one or three-sets at fast or slow speeds
Rønnestad et al., 2007	RAN	U	M	21	26.6± 0.1	3	11	1/3	7–10	1RM lower body (LP, LExt, LC); 1RM upper body (CP, Row, LatP, BC, SP)	Provided the subjects with nutritional supplementation (protein chocolate bar) and energy drinks during each exercise bout
Starkey et al., 1996	RCT	U	C	48	18–50	3	14	1/3	8–12	Maximal isometric KFlex; KExt	Study data identified as an outlier when observed using the Galbraith plot

N, number; y, years; SD, standard deviation; wk, weeks; Reps, repetitions; RAN, randomly assigned trial; T, trained; M, male; 1RM, 1 repetition maximum; BP, bench press; LP, leg press; CT, control trial; U, untrained; C, male and female subjects combined; CP, chest press; LExt, leg extension; SD, standard deviation; RCT, randomized controlled trial; BC, bicep curl; KExt, knee extensor; EFlex, elbow flexor; LC, leg curl; Row, seated row; LatP, latissimus pull-down; SP, shoulder press; KFlex, knee flexion.