Table 3. Determinants of intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Wondo Genet district, Ethiopia, 2017.
| Characteristics | Total participants | Participants with IPV | Crude odds ratio (95%CI) | Adjusted odds ratio1 (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | 589 | 125 | ||
| Age | ||||
| 15–19 | 41 (7.0%) | 7 (17.1%) | 0.47 (0.19–1.18) | 0.58 (0.09–3.81) |
| 20–24 | 192 (32.6%) | 43 (22.4%) | 0.66 (0.39–1.14) | 0.74 (0.21–2.59) |
| 25–29 | 254 (43.1%) | 44 (17.3%) | 0.48 (0.28–0.82) | 0.72 (0.25–2.03) |
| >30 | 102 (17.3) | 31 (30.4%) | 1 | 1 |
| Education | ||||
| No education | 145 (24.6%) | 26 (17.9%) | 0.69 (0.42–1.14) | 0.55 (0.24–1.25) |
| Primary | 290 (49.2%) | 70 (24.1%) | 1 | 1 |
| Secondary and above | 154 (26.1%) | 29 (18.8%) | 0.73 (0.45–1.19) | 0.99 (0.42–2.29) |
| Occupation | ||||
| Housewife | 472 (80.1%) | 86 (18.2%) | 1 | 1 |
| Others | 117 (19.9%) | 39 (33.3%) | 2.24 (1.43–3.52) | 1.91 (0.92–3.97) |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 304 (51.6%) | 70 (23.0%) | 1.25 (0.84–1.86) | 2.09 (1.06–4.09) |
| Urban | 285 (48.4%) | 55 (19.5%) | 1 | 1 |
| Income | ||||
| <1500 | 273 (46.3%) | 70 (25.6%) | 2.00 (1.09–3.69) | 0.61 (0.22–1.70) |
| 1500–2999 | 214 (36.3%) | 40 (18.7%) | 1.33 (0.70–2.55) | 0.99 (0.35–2.78) |
| >3000 | 102 (17.3%) | 15 (14.7%) | 1 | 1 |
| Age at first marriage | ||||
| 12–18 | 338 (57.4%) | 65 (19.2%) | 0.74 (0.50–1.11) | |
| 19–25 | 239 (40.6%) | 58 (24.3%) | 1 | |
| 26–32 | 12 (2.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.62 (0.13–2.93) | |
| Duration in marriage | ||||
| <5 years | 254 (43.1%) | 54 (21.3%) | 0.71 (0.42–1.18) | 0.62 (0.19–2.04) |
| 6–10 years | 223 (37.9%) | 40 (17.9%) | 0.57 (0.33–0.98) | 0.70 (0.25–1.95) |
| >10 years | 112 (19.0%) | 31 (27.7%) | 1 | 1 |
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 129 (21.9%) | 26 (20.2%) | 0.94 (0.57–1.54) | |
| 1–4 | 401 (68.1%) | 85 (21.2%) | 1 | |
| >4 | 59 (10.0%) | 14 (23.7%) | 1.16 (0.61–2.21) | |
| Violence between parents* | ||||
| No | 352 (59.8%) | 33 (9.4%) | 1 | 1 |
| Don’t know | 116 (19.7%) | 22 (19.0%) | 2.26 (1.26–4.07) | 1.50 (0.61–3.66) |
| Yes | 118 (20.0%) | 70 (59.3%) | 14.10 (8.44–23.55) | 14.00 (6.43–30.48) |
| Pregnancy desiredness | ||||
| Not desired | 45 (7.6%) | 31 (68.9%) | 10.76 (5.50–21.02) | 9.64 (3.44–27.03) |
| Don’t know | 11 (1.9%) | 3 (27.3%) | 1.82 (0.47–7.00) | 0.59 (0.06–5.81) |
| Desired | 533 (90.5%) | 91 (17.1%) | 1 | 1 |
| Husband’s education* | ||||
| None | 113 (19.2%) | 27 (23.9%) | 0.97 (0.56–1.67) | 1.12 (0.44–2.83) |
| Primary | 188 (32.0%) | 46 (24.5%) | 1 | 1 |
| Secondary & above | 287 (48.8%) | 52 (18.1%) | 0.68 (0.44–1.07) | 1.12 (0.52–2.45) |
| Alcohol use by husband | ||||
| No | 527 (89.5%) | 82 (15.6%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 62 (10.5%) | 43 (69.4) | 12.28 (6.81–22.14) | 17.08 (3.83–76.19) |
| Khat use by husband | ||||
| No | 526 (89.3%) | 93 (17.7%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 63 (10.7%) | 32 (50.8%) | 4.81 (2.79–8.27) | 1.30 (0.33–5.11) |
| Depressive symptom2 | ||||
| No | 549 (93.2%) | 91 (16.6%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 40 (6.8%) | 34 (85.0%) | 28.52 (11.64–69.91) | 4.71 (1.37–16.18) |
| Social support | ||||
| Low | 166 (28.2%) | 97 (58.4%) | 19.83 (12.12–32.44) | 13.93 (6.98–27.77) |
| High | 423 (71.8%) | 28 (6.6%) | 1 | 1 |
1Adjusted for age, educational status of the mothers and their husband, occupation, residence, income, duration in marriage,violence between parent’s, pregnancy desiredness, alcohol and khat use by husband, depressive symptom and social support.
2According to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
CI: confidence interval
*: missing information from few participants.