. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 3.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2019 Jan 31;43(10):1914–1922. doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0326-z

Table 4.

Associations of the number of maternal metabolic factors with the rising-high-BMI trajectory and obesity risk in the children at four years

Number of maternal metabolic factors	Rising-high-BMI trajectory		Obesity at age four

	RR (95% CI)	P value	RR (95% CI)	P value
Before adjusting for potential mediators^a
0	1		1
1	1.78 (1.04-3.05)	0.04	1.64 (0.97-2.78)	0.06
2	3.09 (1.87-5.10)	<0.001	3.03 (1.95-4.72)	<0.001
3	3.34 (1.40-7.98)	0.007	5.86 (3.04-11.29)	<0.001
After adjusting for potential mediators^b
0	1		1
1	1.56 (0.91-2.68)	0.11	1.53 (0.91-2.59)	0.11
2	2.38 (1.42-4.00)	0.001	2.63 (1.68-4.11)	<0.001
3	2.57 (1.09-6.04)	0.03	5.06 (2.52-10.14)	<0.001

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk.

^a.

Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, education, insurance type, marital status, total energy intake, alcohol intake and tobacco use during pregnancy, parity, and child sex.

^b.

Further adjusting for the potential mediators including birth weight, child gestational age, and breastfed status.