Table 1.
Management, prognosis and mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous fungal peritonitis
| Study | Country, setting | Study design | Study population |
Management |
Mortality |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Hwang et al[10], 2014 | South Korea, University Hospital | Retrospective, Cross-sectional | n = 416 patients | 3rd generation cephalosporin (n = 15) | In-hospital: - |
| SBP (n = 401) | Antifungal: n = 5 (33.3%) | 1-mo: 11/15 (73.3%) | |||
| SFP (n = 4) | Amphotericin B: n = 2 | 6-mo: 3/15 (20%) | |||
| Polymicrobial SFP (n = 11) | Liposomal Amphotericin B: n = 1 | ||||
| Fluconazole: n = 2 | |||||
| Hassan et al[9], 2014 | Egypt, University Hospital | Prospective cohort study | n = 46 patients | Not described | In-hospital: 1/3 (33.33%) |
| Control patients with no infection (n = 18) | |||||
| SFP (n = 4; only 3 patients described with ascitic fluid polymorphs > 250 cells/mm3) | |||||
| Karvellas et al[11], 2015 | (CATSS Database) from 28 medical centers in United States, Canada, Saudi Arabia | Retrospective cohort study | n = 126 patients | Anti-fungal: n = 9 (81.8%) | In-hospital: 11/11 (100%) |
| SBP (n = 126) | |||||
| SFP and SBP (n = 11) | |||||
| Bremmer et al[1], 20151 | University of Pittsburgh, United States | Retrospective, cross-sectional study | n = 25 | Antifungal: n = 15 (60%) | In hospital: 15/25 (60%) |
| SFP (n = 25) | One mo: 14/25 (56%) | ||||
| Lahmer, et al[2], 2016 | University Hospital, Germany | Retrospective, cross-sectional study | n = 208 SFP (n = 20) | Antibiotic pretreatment: SFP n = 17 Antifungal: n = 6 (30% of SFP) | In-hospital: 18/20 (90%) |
| SBP (n = 28) | |||||
| Gravito-Soares et al[6], 2017 | University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal | Retrospective, case–control study | n = 231 | Cefotaxime n = 231 | 1 -mo: 4/8 |
| SFP (n = 3) | Antifungal: n = 5/8 (62.5%) | (50%) | |||
| Polymicrobial SFP (n = 5) | Fluconazole: n = 3 | ||||
| SBP (n = 119) | Caspofungin: n = 1 | ||||
| Amphotericin B: n = 1 |
1
The study was described as a retrospective cohort study design but in the absence of a comparative non-exposure/control group we decided it more appropriately fitted the description of a cross—sectional study. SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; SFP: Spontaneous fungal peritonitis.