Yamada 1995.
Methods | Allocation: randomized. Blinding: double blind, 'psychiatrist blind'. Duration: 7 days. | |
Participants | Diagnosis: Major depressive disorder (N = 17), bipolar disorder (N = 10). DSM‐III‐R. Inclusion criteria: female in luteal phase or postmenopause. Exclusion criteria: seasonal pattern, acute suicidality, neurological or somatic illness, medications. N = 27. Age: mean 47.6 years. Sex: F 18, M 9. Setting: inpatients. | |
Interventions | 1. Bright light (2500 lux 6‐8 AM or 6‐8 PM for two hours). N = 18. 2. Dim yellow light (500 lux 6‐8 AM or 6‐8 PM for 2 hours). N = 9. Device: light box. | |
Outcomes | Mental state (HDRS ‐ 21‐item). Physiological monitoring (lab, body temperature). | |
Notes | Light only. No pharmacotherapy. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Allocation concealment? | Unclear risk | B ‐ Unclear |
General abbreviations: ECG ‐ Electrocardiography F ‐ Female lab ‐ Laboratory LPSD ‐ Late partial sleep deprivation M ‐ Male MAOI ‐ Monoamine oxidase inhibitor SD ‐ Sleep deprivation TSD ‐ Total sleep deprivation
Diagnostic tools: ICD‐9 ‐ International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision DSM‐III ‐ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition DSM‐III‐R ‐ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised DSM‐IV ‐ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition RDC ‐ Research Diagnostic Criteria
Global effect scales: CGI ‐ Clinical Global Impressions
Mental state scales: AMS ‐ Adjective Mood Scale (von Zerssen) AMDB ‐ Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie BDI ‐ Beck Depression Inventory Bf‐S ‐ Befindlichkeits‐Skala (von Zerssen) D‐S ‐ Depression‐Skala (von Zerssen) HDRS ‐ Hamilton Depression Rating Scale MARDS ‐ Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale M‐S ‐ Mood scale (von Zerssen) SIGH‐SAD‐SR ‐ Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ‐ Seasonal Affective Disorder Version ‐ Self Report ZDRS ‐ Zung Depression Rating Scale
Adverse effect scales: C‐L ‐ Complaint List FSUCL ‐ Fischer's Somatic Symptom/Undesired Effect Checklist
Other scales: VAS ‐ Visual Analogue Scale
Cognitive‐psychomotor functions: MMSE ‐ Mini‐Mental State Examination