Benedetti 2003.
Methods | Allocation: randomized, 'computer generated randomization with no stratification', 'in a 3:2 manner'. Blinding: single blind, 'raters could not keep themselves blind due to patients' questions'. Duration: 4 weeks (light treatment the first 2 weeks). | |
Participants | Diagnosis: Major depressive disorder without psychotic features. Major depression (N = 21), bipolar (N = 9). DSM‐IV. Inclusion criteria: absence of following conditions: other diagnoses on Axis I, mental retardation on Axis II, pregnancy, history of epilepsy, major medical or neurological disorder, treatment with long‐active neuroleptic drugs within 3 months, treatment with neuroleptics or irreversible MAOIs within the last month, history of drug or alcohol dependency or abuse within 6 months. N = 30. Age: mean 54.3 years. Sex: F 24, M 6. History: duration of illness mean 13.4 years. Setting: inpatients. | |
Interventions | 1. Green light (400 lux in the morning for 30 minutes) + citalopram 40 mg/day. N = 18. 2. Deactivated negative ion generator (in the morning 1.5 hours after the optimal timing for light) + citalopram 40 mg/day. N = 12. Device: Sunnex green light box. | |
Outcomes | Clinical improvement (50% reduction HDRS).
Mental state (HDRS).
Physiological monitoring (ECG, lab tests). Unable to use ‐ Mental state (ZDRS, VAS ‐ no mean scores and SD available). |
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Notes | Light adjunct to pharmacotherapy. Groups not totally comparable (active treatment patients were awaked earlier). | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Allocation concealment? | Low risk | A ‐ Adequate |