| Methods | Randomised single‐blind trial, stratified by fracture severity |
| Participants | 277 patients with open tibial fractures |
| Interventions | Standard of care plus an absorbable collagen sponge implant containing rhBMP‐2 1.5 mg/mL (total 12.0 mg) versus standard of care. Standard of care was reamed intramedullary nail fixation and routine soft‐tissue management. |
| Outcomes | Fracture healing, secondary procedures, adverse events including infection |
| Notes | Trial dates or funding not detailed. |
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