1. Demographics of included participants.

Study	Number of participants	Mean (SD) age (years)	Mean (SD) weight (kg)	Cognitive status	Pre‐injury function	Nutritional status
Hedstrom 2002	63	80.5 (6.3)	60.8 (11.0)	Dementia excluded	Independent living status	BMI < 24
Sloan 1992	29 (of 31)	82 (6.5)	57.8 (9.9)	Severe dementia excluded	Extended care home residents excluded only	No information
Tidermark 2004	60	82.9 (5.4)	53.3 (8.8)	Severe cognitive impairment excluded	Independent living status	BMI < 24

All study participants described above were females. However, no other details and very limited results were provided for eight male participants in Sloan 1992

BMI: body mass index

SD: standard deviation