Table 1.

Summary of in vivo magnetic drug and gene delivery systems used to promote neural regeneration.

Target tissue	Functional coating (dry diameter; wet diameter)	Drug or gene delivered	Magnetic stimulation	Application	References
Brain	OQCMC and cholesterol liposomes (20 nm; 74 nm)	Paclitaxel	0.5 T magnet held over the brain for 1 h	Chemotherapy	Zhao et al., 2012
Brain	Polystyrene (10 nm; 124 nm)	Ibuprofen	0.63 T magnet secured to the animal's head	None	Kong et al., 2012
Brain	NeuroMag transfection agent (184 nm; 196 nm)	EYFP-channel rhodopsin plasmid	Magnet held beneath the brain for 20 min	Channel rhodopsin gene therapy	Soto-Sánchez et al., 2015
Brain	N-isopropylacrylamide and NGF (112 nm; 290 nm)	shRNA against α-syn	None	Parkinson's disease	Niu et al., 2017
Brain	Dextran (90 nm; 350 nm)	Osmotin	6 A, 0.5 Hz magnetic field	Alzheimer's disease	Amin et al., 2017
Spinal cord	None; embedded in agarose gel (6.5 nm; 50 nm)	None	50 Hz, 17.96 μT for 2 h daily	Complete spinal cord transection	Pal et al., 2013
Peripheral nerve	PEI (25 nm; 70 nm)	NGF and VEGF	Magnetic tape wrapped around conduit	Median nerve transection	Giannaccini et al., 2017
Peripheral nerve	PEG (18 nm; 100 nm)	NGF	1 T magnetic tip placed 0.5 cm away from injection site	Sciatic nerve injury	Marcus et al., 2018

OQCMC, octadecyl quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan.