Table 3.

Mendelian randomisation results for effect of serum calcium on estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture risk

Method	Main analysis					Sensitivity Analyses
	6 serum calcium associated SNPs					Including rs17711722 (VKORC1L1)					Excluding rs1801725 (CASR)
	Mean eBMD (95% CI)	P value	Fracture odds ratio (95% CI)	P value		Mean eBMD (95% CI)	P value	Fracture odds ratio (95% CI)	P value		Mean eBMD	P value	Fracture odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
IVW	0.003 (−0.059 to 0.066)	0.92−	1.01 (0.89 to 1.15)	0.85		0.011 (−0.05 to 0.073)	0.72−	1.01 (0.90 to 1.13)	0.91		−0.049 (−0.144 to 0.047)	0.32−	1.12 (0.92 to 1.36)	0.25
Simple median	0.009 (−0.052 to 0.070)	−0.76	1.11 (0.93 to 1.33)	0.24		0.023 (−0.035 to 0.081)	0.44−	1.10 (0.91 to 1.32)	0.32		−0.004 (−0.093 to 0.085)	0.93−	1.13 (0.89 to 1.42)	0.32
Weighted median	0.030 (−0.006 to 0.067)	−0.10	0.99 (0.89 to 1.11)	0.91		0.031 (−0.005 to 0.068)	0.09−	0.98 (0.88 to 1.10)	0.76		−0.009 (−0.093 to 0.076)	0.84−	1.12 (0.90 to 1.41)	0.31
MR-Egger intercept	−0.003 (−0.006 to 0.001)	−0.11	1.00 (1.00 to 1.01)	0.39		−0.001 (−0.005 to 0.002)	0.49−	1.00 (1.00 to 1.01)	0.52		−0.005 (−0.019 to 0.008)	0.45−	0.98 (0.96 to 1.01)	0.14

Results are expressed per one standard deviation (0.51 mg/dL or 0.13 mmol/L) increase in serum calcium concentration. Estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) is expressed in g/cm².

IVW=inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis