Table 2.
Consequences of YAP1 knockdown in the bovine embryo.
| Vehicle | Negative control GapmeRb | YAP1 targeting GapmeRc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion of putative zygotes that reached the blastocyst stage, day 7.5 (N = 13)a | 15 ± 1.6% (n = 724) | 16.2 ± 2% (n = 751) | 9.1 ± 1.2% (n = 746)*** |
| Proportion of blastocysts that were undergoing hatching from the zona pellucida, day 7.5 (N = 5)a,d | 21 ± 6.6% (n = 54) | 20.3 ± 7% (n = 52) | 2.6 ± 2.6% (n = 37)* |
| Proportion of blastocysts that were undergoing hatching from the zona pellucida, day 8.5 (N = 5)a,d | 37 ± 7.2% (n = 68) | 25.7 ± 6% (n = 65) | 11.2 ± 5% (n = 43)** |
| Total number of nuclei (Hoechst+), day 7.5 (N = 6)a | 94.0 ± 8.6 (n = 11) | 103.7 ± 6.6 (n = 23) | 99.9 ± 11.7 (n = 6) |
| Total number of nuclei (Hoechst+), day 8.5 (N = 6)a | 112.0 ± 7.4 (n = 19) | 95.2 ± 8.6 (n = 15) | 101.3 ± 5.1 (n = 10) |
| Number of CDX2− nuclei (ICM), day 7.5 (N = 6)a | 55.4 ± 6.5 (n = 11) | 70.6 ± 5.1 (n = 23) | 87.5 ± 7.1 (n = 6)* |
| Number of CDX2− nuclei (ICM), day 8.5 (N = 6)a | 57.0 ± 5.1 (n = 19) | 56.5 ± 5.8 (n = 15) | 89.3 ± 7.1 (n = 10)*** |
| Number of CDX2+ nuclei (TE), day 7.5 (N = 6)a | 38.7 ± 5.2 (n = 11) | 33.1 ± 4 (n = 23)* | 12.5 ± 7.1 (n = 6)** |
| Number of CDX2+ nuclei (TE), day 8.5 (N = 6)a | 54.8 ± 5.1 (n = 19) | 38.7 ± 5.8 (n = 15) | 12.0 ± 7.1 (n = 10)*** |
| Number of YAP1+ nuclei, day 7.5 (N = 6)a | 44.7 ± 5.2 (n = 11) | 48.0 ± 4.0 (n = 23) | 41.1 ± 7.1 (n = 6) |
| Number of YAP1+ nuclei, day 8.5 (N = 6)a | 56.8 ± 5.8 (n = 19) | 43.3 ± 6.6 (n = 15) | 27.8 ± 7.1 (n = 10) * |
| Number of GATA6+ nuclei (hypoblast), day 9.5 (N = 4)a | 28.2 ± 5.5 (n = 6) | 16.0 ± 8.1 (n = 3) | 2.5 ± 10.4 (n = 3) |
| Number of NANOG+ nuclei (epiblast), day 9.5 (N = 4)a | 15.8 ± 5.1 (n = 6) | 2.1 ± 7.5 (n = 3) | 2.8 ± 9.6 (n = 3) |
aN = Number of replicates; n = total number of embryos per treatment.
bVehicle vs negative control GapmeR orthogonal contrast. *P < 0.05.
cControls vs treatment orthogonal contrast. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
dA blastocyst was considered to be undergoing hatching if it was hatching from the zona pellucida or had completed hatching.