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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Lysogenic conversion of commensal bacteria. Temperate phages can carry genes that can confer an evolutionary advantage to the bacterial host cell. Figure shows antibiotic-resistance as an example, which can further aid commensal bacteria to survive when exposed to specific antibiotics.