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. 2019 Jun 30;9(7):952. doi: 10.3390/nano9070952

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Electric field-induced phase transitions of PVDF. Electric poling aligns the dipoles along the electric field by applying a very high voltage. The transverse dipole moment of each polymer chain is shown using an orange arrow that points from the negatively charged fluorine atoms to the positively charged hydrogen atoms. T-trans; G-gauche. Reproduced with permission from [55], published by AIP Publishing, 2016.