Table 1.

Effect of β-phase content on piezoelectric coefficient of electrospun PVDF and its nanocomposite mats.

Materials	β-Phase Content	Fiber Diameter, nm	d33 Value, pm/V	d33 Value, pC/N	Ref.
PVDF random fibers	NA	1410	—	24.90	[39]
PVDF random fibers	79 ± 3	155 ± 17	—	16.8 ± 1.4	[134]
PVDF aligned fibers	88 ± 1	118 ± 23	—	27.4 ± 1.5	[134]
PVDF/MWCNT aligned fibers	89 ± 2	116 ± 21	31.3 ± 2.1	31.3 ± 2.1	[134]
PVDF random fibers	78	1500	30	—	[147]
PVDF/1% MWCNT random fibers	84	300	35	—	[147]
PVDF/1% (MWCNT-AgNP) random fibers	89	800	54	—	[147]
PVDF/1% GO random fibers	70	623	40	—	[148]
PVDF/1% CGO random fibers	79	622	46	—	[148]
PVDF/1% FGO random fibers	89	619	63	—	[148]
Human bones	—	—	—	7–8	[26]

NA: Not available.