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. 2019 Jul 18;11(7):659. doi: 10.3390/v11070659

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Outline of B19V replicative cycle in erythroid progenitor cells. 1: virion binding to globoside. 2: extrusion of VP1 unique (VP1u) region and binding to an erythroid specific receptor. 3: clathrin-mediated endocytosis. 4: virions in endosomal vesicles. 5: virion processing within endosomes. 6: VP1u-associated viral phospholipase (vPLA2) mediated virion escape from endosomes. 7: partial uncoating and externalization of viral ssDNA. 8: translocation in the nucleus and complete uncoating. 9: parental ssDNA and onset of macromolecular syntheses. 10: hairpin-primed second strand synthesis. 11: formation of dsDNA replicative intermediate. 12: early phase of transcription on the parental template, mainly of mRNAs for NS protein. 13: dsDNA nicked by NS and priming of replication in coordination with cellular proteins. 14: replication by a rolling hairpin mechanism, via self-primed single-strand displacement mechanisms. 15: late phase of transcription on the replicative intermediates, mainly of mRNAs for VP and 11kDa proteins. 16: progeny ssDNA released from the replicative intermediates. 17: incapsidation of progeny ssDNA molecules in newly formed virions. 18: accumulation of virions before their release via cell lysis or apoptosis. 19: Epo binding by Epo receptor (EpoR), EpoR activation, and STAT5 phosphorilation. 20: pSTAT translocation in the nucleus where it is essential for formation of a functional replicative complex.