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. 2019 Jul 23;17(7):428. doi: 10.3390/md17070428

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Prostaglandins and inflammation. (a) Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) stimulation of inflammatory response. Numbers indicate the sequence of events from PGE₂ synthesis to stimulation of inflammation trough positive feedback on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and negative feedback on microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPTGES-1); (b) The anti-inflammatory role of prostaglandin J₂ (PGJ₂); (c) prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) signaling; (d) prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂) signaling. For details, refer to the text.