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. 2019 Jul 22;11(7):669. doi: 10.3390/v11070669

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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TBEV reservoir hosts: Small mammals, especially rodents, are considered to be reservoir hosts for TBEV. Infected ticks transmit the virus () to the animal host (1), leading to viremia (2). Naïve ticks acquire TBEV by consuming the blood of a viremic host (3). As soon as viremia comes to an end, this route of transmission is blocked by circulating antibodies () (4). Co-feeding enables ticks to pass TBEV among themselves without the need for a viremic host. When naïve ticks feed in close proximity with an infected tick, the animal host acts as a transmission bridge (5). This can take place even when the host has antibodies against TBEV (6).

Inline graphic — TBEV reservoir hosts: Small mammals, especially rodents, are considered to be reservoir hosts for TBEV. Infected ticks transmit the virus () to the animal host (1), leading to viremia (2). Naïve ticks acquire TBEV by consuming the blood of a viremic host (3). As soon as viremia comes to an end, this route of transmission is blocked by circulating antibodies () (4). Co-feeding enables ticks to pass TBEV among themselves without the need for a viremic host. When naïve ticks feed in close proximity with an infected tick, the animal host acts as a transmission bridge (5). This can take place even when the host has antibodies against TBEV (6).