Table 3.
Effect of EPF-treated and untreated Spodoptera litura prey consumed by Rhynocoris marginatus nymphal stages and the total nymphal developmental period (days) and survival rate (%).
| Treatments | Developmental period (days) of Rhynocoris marginatus predator |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Third instar | Fourth instar | Adult longevity | Total nymphal period* | |
| Control | 11.0 ± 0.422b (100) | 12.4 ± 0.401b (95) | 23.2 ± 0.573b (95) | 61.0 ± 0.667b |
| BB | 13.1 ± 0.585a (85) | 14.4 ± 0.618a (90) | 26.9 ± 0.481a (80) | 64.3 ± 0.760a |
| Ifr | 12.2 ± 0.326ab (90) | 12.7 ± 0.495b (90) | 22.7 ± 0.701b (100) | 62.0 ± 0.699b |
| F-value | 5.30 | 4.43 | 15.0 | 5.68 |
| P-value | <.05 | <.05 | <.05 | <.05 |
Abbreviations: BB, Beauveria bassiana; EPF, entomopathogenic fungus; Ifr, Isaria fumosorosea; LSD, least significance difference.
*
Data include for the third to fifth nymphal instars, n = 10.
Mean values (±SEM) followed by different letters in a column are significantly different (LSD test, P < .05). Values for percent survival rate are presented in parentheses.