TABLE 2.

Associations between PDIs, per 10-unit increase, and all-cause mortality among participants of NHANES III¹

			HR (95% CI)
	Participants, n	Deaths, n	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
PDI
All	11,879	2228	0.98 (0.96, 1.01)	1.01 (0.98, 1.03)	1.01 (0.98, 1.03)
Men	5620	1258	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	1.04 (1.01, 1.07)	1.04 (0.99, 1.07)
Women	6259	970	0.96 (0.94, 0.99)	0.97 (0.94, 1.00)	0.98 (0.95, 1.00)
hPDI
All	11,879	2228
Less than median	5159	710	0.99 (0.93, 1.06)	1.05 (0.98, 1.11)	1.04 (0.97, 1.12)
Median or higher	6720	1518	0.94 (0.91, 0.97)	0.95 (0.91, 0.98)	0.95 (0.91, 0.98)
Men	5620	1258
Less than median	2679	466	0.97 (0.89, 1.04)	1.00 (0.93, 1.09)	1.01 (0.92, 1.10)
Median or higher	2941	792	0.95 (0.90, 0.99)	0.95 (0.90, 1.01)	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)
Women	6259	970
Less than median	2479	244	1.04 (0.95, 1.14)	1.09 (0.99, 1.20)	1.09 (0.98, 1.19)
Median or higher	3780	726	0.94 (0.89, 0.98)	0.94 (0.88, 0.99)	0.94 (0.88, 0.99)
uPDI
All	11,879	2228	1.04 (1.02, 1.07)	1.00 (0.98, 1.04)	1.00 (0.98, 1.04)
Men	5620	1258	1.04 (1.01, 1.08)	1.01 (0.98, 1.05)	1.01 (0.98, 1.06)
Women	6259	970	1.04 (1.01, 1.08)	1.01 (0.99, 1.05)	1.01 (0.98, 1.05)

¹Values were derived with the use of a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Model 1 was adjusted for race, sex, age, and total energy intake; model 2 was adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus education, federal poverty level, marital status, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and margarine intake; model 3 was adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus BMI, baseline hypertension, serum cholesterol, and eGFR. Among women, model 3 was adjusted for the covariates in model 3 plus menopause. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hPDI, healthy plant-based diet index; PDI, plant-based index; uPDI, less-healthy (unhealthy) plant-based diet index.