TABLE 3.
Associations between PDIs, per 10-unit increase, and cardiovascular disease mortality among participants of NHANES III1
| HR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | Deaths, n | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| PDI | |||||
| All | 11,879 | 543 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) |
| Men | 5620 | 306 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.10) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) |
| Women | 6259 | 237 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) |
| hPDI | |||||
| All | 11,879 | 543 | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) |
| Men | 5620 | 306 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) |
| Women | 6259 | 237 | 0.99 (0.94, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) |
| uPDI | |||||
| All | 11,879 | 543 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
| Men | 5620 | 306 | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) |
| Women | 6259 | 237 | 1.05 (0.99. 1.13) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.10) |
1Values were derived with the use of a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Model 1 was adjusted for race, sex, age, and total energy intake; model 2 was adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus education, federal poverty level, marital status, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and margarine intake; model 3 was adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus BMI, baseline hypertension, serum cholesterol, and eGFR. Among women, model 3 was adjusted for the covariates in model 3 plus menopause. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hPDI, healthy plant-based diet index; PDI, plant-based diet index; uPDI, less-healthy (unhealthy) plant-based diet index.