TABLE 3.

Daily macro- and micronutrient adjusted mean intakes by vegetarian status in the MASALA cohort¹

Nutrient	Vegetarian (n = 335)	Nonvegetarian (n = 557)	P
Energy, kcal	1620 ± 27.1	1720 ± 20.9	0.003
Carbohydrate, g	256 ± 1.3	240 ± 1.0	<0.001
Carbohydrates, % energy	58.8 ± 0.3	54.8 ± 0.2	<0.001
Glycemic index	41.1 ± 0.3	39.5 ± 0.3	<0.001
Glycemic load	95.2 ± 1.0	85.1 ± 0.8	<0.001
Protein, g	59.7 ± 0.5	63.0 ± 0.4	<0.001
% Energy from protein	14.1 ± 0.1	15.0 ± 0.1	<0.001
Fat, g	52.5 ± 0.5	56.2 ± 0.4	<0.001
Fat, % energy	27.9 ± 0.3	30.0 ± 0.2	<0.001
SFAs, % energy	7.4 ± 0.1	8.2 ± 0.1	<0.001
MUFAs, % energy	11.1 ± 0.1	12.1 ± 0.1	<0.001
PUFAs, % energy	6.4 ± 0.08	6.5 ± 0.06	0.570
trans fat, % energy	0.06 ± 0.004	0.07 ± 0.003	0.031
Fiber, g	21.3 ± 0.2	20.1 ± 0.2	<0.001
Vitamin A, IU	16,300 ± 424	15,800 ± 327	0.367
Thiamin, mg	1.5 ± 0.02	1.4 ± 0.01	<0.001
Riboflavin, mg	1.6 ± 0.02	1.6 ± 0.02	0.367
Niacin, NE	1.5 ± 0.08	3.0 ± 0.06	<0.001
Vitamin B-6, mg	1.9 ± 0.02	1.9 ± 0.01	0.595
Vitamin B-12, µg	2.1 ± 0.07	2.7 ± 0.05	<0.001
Vitamin C, mg	220 ± 3.5	210 ± 2.7	0.029
Vitamin D, IU	85.5 ± 4.4	84.3 ± 3.4	0.828
Vitamin E, IU	1.8 ± 0.04	1.9 ± 0.03	0.353
Folate, µg	440 ± 4.3	382 ± 3.3	<0.001
Calcium, mg	972 ± 17.8	883 ± 13.7	<0.001
Chromium, µg	10.6 ± 0.3	12.1 ± 0.2	<0.001
Iron, mg	15.3 ± 0.1	14.4 ± 0.1	<0.001
Potassium, mg	3710 ± 32.1	3580 ± 24.8	<0.001
Selenium, mg	8.3 ± 0.4	11.3 ± 0.3	<0.001
Sodium, mg	2770 ± 29.7	2700 ± 22.9	0.071
Zinc, mg	8.7 ± 0.06	8.5 ± 0.05	0.018
n–3 fatty acid, g	0.09 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.005	<0.001
n–6 fatty acid, g	0.34 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.01	0.004

¹Values are adjusted means ± SEMs. Adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake. IU, International Unit; MASALA, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America; NE, niacin equivalent.