Table 1.
Demographic, clinical data, and biochemical parameters of the studied groups
| Group 1 Control (n=30) | Group 2 Diabetic without complication (n=60) | P | Group 3 Patients with diabetic neuropathy (n=60) | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42±0.83 | 50±1.06 | <0.0001 | 52±1.1 | 0.3379 |
| Sex (male/female) | 14/16 | 26/34 | NS | 24/36 | NS |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 5.5±0.3 | - | 7.2±0.35 | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.54±0.28 | 32.8±0.35 | <0.0001 | 33±0.31 | 0.8910 |
| Smoking habits, n (%) | 6 (20) | 16 (26.7) | - | 18 (30) | - |
| FBG (mg/dl) | 88.6±1.1 | 163±1.13 | <0.0001 | 211±1.39 | <0.0001 |
| PBG (mg/dl) | 108.8±1.65 | 249±1.44 | <0.0001 | 299±1.48 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c % | 5.6±0.14 | 7.0±0.1 | <0.0001 | 7.6±0.15 | 0.0020 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 170.7±4.2 | 211.5±3.3 | <0.0001 | 231±2.8 | <0.0001 |
| TGs (mg/dl) | 120.1±6 | 184.3±10.05 | 0.0002 | 203.8±9.5 | 0.2760 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 67.2±1.3 | 52.2±0.64 | <0.0001 | 50.8±0.93 | 0.4539 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 81.6±1.4 | 118.7±0.68 | <0.0001 | 138±0.89 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml) | 3.2±0.17 | 2.2±0.06 | <0.0001 | 1.3±0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Na+/K+ ATPase activity (nmol Pi/mg protein/h) | 423.2±10.6 | 318.8±3.5 | <0.0001 | 266.8±4.06 | <0.0001 |
Values are expressed as mean±SE. P value versus Group 1. *P value versus Group 2. BMI=Body mass index; FBG=Fasting blood glucose; PBG=Postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c=Glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C=High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C=Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC=Total cholesterol; TG=Triacylglycerol; NS=Not significant; SE=Standard error