Table 2.
Fat intake by type of outcome reported and country
| Type of intake data | Countries with data | Description of intake |
|---|---|---|
| Absolute intake* | FSM | Kaufer, 2010 (24H-FR; adult women): 2005 (pre-intervention) 61·3 g/d; 2007 (post-intervention) 62·6 g/d |
| Fiji | National Nutrition Survey, 2017 (24H-FR; adults): 97·1 (95 % CI 96·0, 98·2) g/d | |
| Guam | Leon-Guerrero, 2015 (FFQ; adults aged 18–61 years): total fat 98·9 (sd 67·7) g/d; saturated fat 33·0 (sd 24·0) g/d; MUFA 35·7 (sd 24·6) g/d; PUFA (sd 14·8) 21·4 g/d | |
| Solomon Islands | Tsuchiya, 2017 (24H-FR; controls aged ≥20 years): 25·4 (sd 13·2) g/d Aswani, 2007 (24H-FR; adults aged ≥15 years): males – Kozou 26·4 (sd 4·6) g/d; Nusa Hope 25·0 (sd 2·7) g/d; Baraulu 33·7 (sd 4·3) g/d; Olive 25·5 (sd 3·0) g/d; Dunde 41·6 (sd 3·8) g/d; Nusa Banga 19·7 (sd 4·0) g/d; females – Kozou 16·4 (sd 3·6) g/d; Nusa Hope 35·7 (sd 5·0) g/d; Baraulu 31·2 (sd 2·8) g/d; Olive 25·0 (sd 2·8) g/d; Dunde 42·8 (sd 6·8) g/d; Nusa Banga 25·6 (sd 14·5) g/d | |
| Tonga | Konishi, 2011 (24H-FR; adults aged 40–59 years; median intake): males 107·0 g/d; females 88·0 g/d | |
| Vanuatu | Martyn, 2015 (modelling): 75·0 g/d; rural 73·0 g/d; urban 81·0 g/d | |
| Household expenditure | Cook Islands | 2007: 3·4 % |
| FSM | 2014: 0·9 % | |
| Nauru | 2014: 2·0 % | |
| New Caledonia | 2009: 1·5 % | |
| Palau | 2014: 2·0 % | |
| Samoa | 2016: 0·9 % | |
| Solomon Islands | 2015: 0·7 % | |
| Tonga | 2010: 3·1 % | |
| Tuvalu | 2010: 3·2 % | |
| Vanuatu | 2012: 0·01 % | |
| Main sources | Fiji | National Nutrition Survey, 2017 (24H-FR; adults): fish and seafood (fresh, canned, mixed food) 22·3 %, animal-source foods (poultry, mixed food, fresh meat and sausages) 18·8 %, wheat flour products (crackers, roti, instant noodles, sweets) 15·1 %, vegetable fat 8·6 %, coconut products 8·4 %, starchy staples 5·4 % |
| Samoa | Martyn, 2017 (modelling): coconuts (popo) 19·0 %, chicken pieces 13·0 %, canned mackerel 8·0 %, cooking oil 6·0 % Seiden, 2012 (secondary analysis): coconuts and copra, vegetable oils, bovine meat, mutton and goat meat, pig meat, poultry meat | |
| Tonga | Konishi, 2011 (24H-FR; adults aged 40–59 years): imported foods contributed 65 % of total daily fat intake | |
| Vanuatu | Martyn, 2015 (modelling): coconut or copra, cooking oil, peanuts, cabin biscuits, fresh beef, chicken | |
| Percentage contribution to energy† | FSM | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 22·9 % Kaufer, 2010 (24H-FR; adult women): 2005 (pre-intervention) 23·3 %; 2007 (post-intervention) 26·2 % |
| Fiji | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 23·8 % | |
| Guam | Paulino, 2011 (24H-FR; women aged ≥40 years): total fat – feast day 34·1 (sd 7·8) %; non-feast day 27·5 (sd 9·6) %; saturated fat – feast day 11·4 (sd 4·7) %; non-feast day 7·9 (sd 3·4) % | |
| Kiribati | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 27·0 % | |
| PNG | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 23·2 % | |
| RMI | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 22·9 % | |
| Samoa | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 27·5 % | |
| Solomon Islands | Tsuchiya, 2017 (24H-FR; controls aged ≥20 years): 14·5 (sd 6·7) % Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 23·9 % | |
| Tonga | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 22·8 % Konishi, 2011 (24H-FR; adults 40–59 years): males 33·0 (sd 4·0) %; females 31·0 (sd 3·0) % | |
| Vanuatu | Micha, 2014 (modelling; saturated fat): 25·7 % | |
| Availability | Samoa | Martyn, 2017 (modelling): overall 96 g/d; Apia 101 g/d; Northwest Upolu 87 g/d; Rest of Upolu 99 g/d; Savaii 106 g/d Seiden, 2012 (secondary analysis): total fat availability increased by 73 % from 81 to 139 g/d |
| Behaviours | FSM | Hanson, 2011 (FFQ; adults): frequency of consumption of turkey tails 0·8 d/week; fried foods 2·5 d/week; percentage consuming fried foods (often to daily) 38·0 % Kaufer, 2010 (FFQ; adult women): frequency of consumption of imported animal fat in 2005 2·1 d/week; in 2007 2·4 d/week |
| Solomon Islands | Tsuchiya, 2017 (24H-FR; controls aged ≥20 years): 82·5 % consumed oils and fats daily |
FSM, Federated States of Micronesia; PNG, Papua New Guinea; RMI, Republic of the Marshall Islands; 24H-FR, 24 h food recall.
*
Values reported as mean total fat intake, unless stated otherwise;
†
Values reported as percentage contribution of total fat to energy, unless stated otherwise.