Table 3.
Distribution of absolute and percentage change in haemoglobin and risk of anaemia by the treatment group and G6PD status
| Any G6PD status | Normal G6PD status | Unknown G6PD status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day and metric | Chloroquine alone | Chloroquine plus primaquine | Chloroquine alone | Chloroquine plus primaquine | Chloroquine alone | Chloroquine plus primaquine |
| Day 2/3 (number of patients) | 610* | 471† | 338 | 334 | 258 | 137 |
| Absolute change‡, mean (SD) [range]; g/dL | − 0.5 (1.1) [− 4.6 to 3.4] | − 1.1 (1.6) [− 6.4 to 5.0] | − 0.9 (1.2) [− 4.6 to 3.4] | − 1.2 (1.3) [− 4.2 to 5.0] | 0.1 (0.6) [− 2.1 to 2.8] | − 1.0 (2.1) [− 6.4 to 3.8] |
| Percentage change‡, mean (SD) [range]; % | − 3.5 (8.5) [− 32.3 to 34.3] | − 8.0 (11.8) [− 39.4 to 60.8] | − 6.7 (9.0) [− 32.3 to 34.3] | − 8.8 (10.1) [− 39.4 to 60.8] | 0.9 (5.4) [− 17.1 to 27.5] | − 6.2 (14.9) [− 35.8 to 35.5] |
| Percentage fall > 25% | 7/610 (1.1%) | 27/471 (5.7%) | 7/338 (2.1%) | 11/334 (3.3%) | 0/258 (0%) | 16/137 (11.7%) |
| > 25% fall associated with severe anaemia (%)§ | 0/610 (0%) | 1/471 (0.2%) | 0/338 (0%) | 1/334 (0.3%) | 0/258 (0%) | 0/137 (0%) |
| Absolute fall > 5 g/dL¶ | 0/610 (0%) | 6/471 (1.3%) | 0/338 (0%) | 0/334 (0%) | 0/258 (0%) | 6/137 (4.4%) |
| Day 7 ± 2 | 1222 | 539 | 608 | 389 | 588 | 150 |
| Absolute change‡, mean (SD) [range]; g/dL | − 0.1 (1.2) [− 5.6 to 6.5] | − 1.0 (1.6) [− 7.3 to 5.4] | − 0.2 (1.4) [− 4.6 to 6.5] | − 1.0 (1.5) [− 7.3 to 5.4] | 0.1 (1.1) [− 5.6 to 5.4] | − 0.8 (2.0) [− 6.0 to 3.8] |
| Percentage change‡, mean (SD) [range]; % | 0.4 (10.5) [− 40.6 to 64.4] | − 6.5 (12.3) [− 55.3 to 65.5] | − 0.7 (11.3) [− 33.0 to 64.4] | − 7.3 (11.5) [− 55.3 to 65.5] | 1.7 (9.4) [− 40.6 to 52.4] | − 6.2 (14.9) [− 35.8 to 35.5] |
| Percentage fall > 25% | 5/1222 (0.4%) | 33/539 (6.1%) | 4/608 (0.7%) | 20/389 (5.1%) | 1/588 (0.2%) | 13/150 (8.7%) |
| > 25% fall associated with severe anaemia (%)§ | 0/1220 (0%) | 1/539 (0.2%) | 0/608 (0%) | 1/389 (0.3%) | 0/586 (0%) | 0/150 (0%) |
| Absolute fall > 5 g/dL¶ | 1/1222 (0.1%) | 8/539 (1.5%) | 0/608 (0%) | 4/389 (1.0%) | 1/588 (0.2%) | 4/150 (2.7%) |
| Day 28 ± 3 | 1579 | 917 | 731 | 472 | 826 | 444 |
| Absolute change‡, mean (SD) [range]; g/dL | 0.5 (1.4) [− 6.9 to 6.2] | 0.4 (1.7) [− 6.8 to 6.7] | 0.4 (1.5) [− 4.7 to 6.2] | 0.4 (1.4) [− 4.2 to 6.2] | 0.5 (1.4) [− 6.9 to 6.0] | 0.5 (1.9) [− 6.8 to 6.7] |
| Percentage change‡, mean (SD) [range]; % | 5.0 (13.4) [− 46.3 to 81.7] | 5.1 (16.5) [− 51.1 to 136.7] | 4.2 (13.1) [− 39.5 to 74.7] | 4.2 (12.8) [− 36.2 to 74.8] | 5.8 (13.7) [− 46.3 to 81.7] | 6.1 (19.7) [− 51.1 to 136.7] |
| Percentage fall > 25% | 9/1579 (0.6%) | 13/917 (1.4%) | 6/731 (0.8%) | 2/472 (0.4%) | 3/826 (0.4%) | 11/444 (2.5%) |
| > 25% fall associated with severe anaemia (%)§ | 1/1576 (0.1%) | 3/906 (0.3%) | 0/730 (0%) | 0/472 (0%) | 1/824 (0.1%) | 3/433 (0.7%) |
| Absolute fall > 5 g/dL¶ | 1/1579 (0.1%) | 3/917 (0.3%) | 0/731 (0%) | 0/472 (0%) | 1/826 (0.1%) | 3/444 (0.7%) |
CI confidence interval, Hb haemoglobin, No number, SD standard deviation
*Includes 338 patients with normal G6PD status, 258 with unknown status and 14 with borderline or deficient status
†Includes 334 patients with normal G6PD status and 137 with unknown status
‡Results are reported as a change in haemoglobin, with positive results reflecting a rise in Hb and negative results reflecting a fall in Hb
§Patients were considered to develop severe anaemia if their baseline Hb was ≥ 7 g/dL and their follow-up Hb was < 7 g/dL, with the denominator the number of people with a Hb recorded for that day who had a baseline ≥ 7 g/dL. All patients that developed severe anaemia had a Hb fall > 25%. Additional file 1: Table S12 provides additional patient details
¶Additional file 1: Table S13 provides additional patient details