Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to quintile of serum uric acid level (n = 9405)
| Variants | Serum uric acid level (mg/dl) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 9405) | < 6.06 (n = 1,865) | 6.06–6.67 (n = 1,877) | 6.68–7.27 (n = 1,892) | 7.28–8.03 (n = 1,878) | ≥8.04 (n = 1,893) | P Value | N(%) | |
| Age (yr) | 52.5 ± 14.6 | 55.5 ± 15.1 | 52.7 ± 14.5 | 51.6 ± 14.5 | 51.7 ± 14.0 | 51.0 ± 14.3 | < 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
| Men (N, %) | 5166 (54.9) | 822 (44.1) | 933 (49.7) | 1012 (53.5) | 1159 (61.7) | 1240 (65.5) | < 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 3.2 | 21.0 ± 3.2 | 21.4 ± 2.9 | 21.9 ± 3.1 | 22.1 ± 3.3 | 22.4 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 | 8456 (89.9) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 97.6 ± 12.2 | 97.8 ± 12.2 | 98.1 ± 11.5 | 97.6 ± 11.7 | 97.7 ± 11.5 | 96.8 ± 13.4 | 0.013 | 9393 (99.9) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 35.5 ± 5.3 | 34.2 ± 5.7 | 35.4 ± 5.1 | 35.7 ± 5.0 | 36.1 ± 5.1 | 36.2 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 | 9260 (98.5) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.6 ± 3.2 | 8.6 ± 3.0 | 9.6 ± 3.1 | 9.8 ± 3.1 | 9.9 ± 3.3 | 9.9 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.21 ± 0.19 | 2.21 ± 0.19 | 2.24 ± 0.18 | 2.22 ± 0.19 | 2.22 ± 0.19 | 2.19 ± 0.20 | < 0.001 | 9334 (99.2) |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.59 ± 0.36 | 1.44. ± 0.36 | 1.55. ± 0.32 | 1.61 ± 0.33 | 1.64 ± 0.34 | 1.70 ± 0.37 | < 0.001 | 9322 (99.1) |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.21 ± 0.47 | 4.13 ± 0.49 | 4.17 ± 0.46 | 4.24 ± 0.45 | 4.25 ± 0.46 | 4.28 ± 0.47 | < 0.001 | 9334 (99.2) |
| Natrium (mmol/L) | 140.37 ± 2.26 | 140.00 ± 2.48 | 140.30 ± 2.19 | 140.49 ± 2.01 | 140.51 ± 2.18 | 140.56 ± 2.33 | < 0.001 | 9324 (99.1) |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 304.1 ± 221.3 | 269.19 ± 207.9 | 299.6 ± 223.4 | 325.4 ± 231.9 | 311.4 ± 221.7 | 314.0 ± 216.5 | < 0.001 | 9253 (98.4) |
| RRF (mL/min/1.73m2) | 6.76 ± 3.13 | 7.19 ± 3.46 | 6.60 ± 3.04 | 6.57 ± 3.01 | 6.82 ± 3.09 | 6.67 ± 2.99 | < 0.001 | 7766 (82.6) |
| AKP (U/L) | 80.1 ± 43.9 | 83.0 ± 42.4 | 79.3 ± 45.3 | 78.5 ± 41.0 | 78.9.1 ± 34.6 | 81.3 ± 53.4 | 0.676 | 1762 (18.7) |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 7.6 ± 0.2 | 8.9 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 6.1 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | 9047 (96.2) |
| HbA1c(%) | 6.5 ± 3.9 | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 6.2 ± 2.4 | 6.6 ± 3.7 | 6.8 ± 6.0 | 6.5 ± 3.4 | 0.029 | 3250 (34.6) |
| DM(N,%) | 1147 (12.2) | 274 (14.7) | 242 (12.9) | 207 (10.9) | 225 (12.0) | 199 (10.5) | 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
| CVD(N,%) | 474 (5.0) | 114 (24.1) | 94 (19.8) | 81 (17.1) | 97 (20.5) | 88 (18.6) | 0.115 | 9405 (100) |
| Primary kidney disease | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Glomerulonephritis(N,%) | 5073 (53.9) | 889 (17.5) | 995 (19.6) | 1045 (20.6) | 1038 (20.5) | 1106 (21.8) | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy(N,%) | 826 (8.8) | 196 (23.7) | 187 (22.6) | 160 (19.4) | 161 (19.5) | 122 (14.8) | ||
| Renal vascular(N,%) | 335 (3.6) | 72 (21.5) | 59 (17.6) | 75 (22.4) | 72 (21.5) | 57 (17.0) | ||
| Obstructive nephropathy(N,%) | 77 (0.8) | 14 (18.2) | 9 (11.7) | 14 (18.2) | 21 (27.3) | 19 (24.6) | ||
| Polycystic kidney disease (N,%) | 133 (1.4) | 31 (23.3) | 40 (30.1) | 19 (14.3) | 22 (16.5) | 21 (15.8) | ||
| Other(N,%) | 2961 (31.5) | 663 (22.4) | 587 (19.8) | 579 (19.6) | 564 (19.0) | 568 (19.2) | ||
| Follow-up duration (mo) | 34.5 ± 23.2 | 35.2 ± 24.1 | 37.5 ± 24.2 | 36.3 ± 23.4 | 33.7 ± 22.0 | 29.9. ± 21.3 | < 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
| All-cause death (N,%) | 1226 (13.0) | 334 (17.9) | 245 (13.1) | 185 (9.8) | 226 (12.0) | 236 (12.5) | < 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
| Cardiovascular death(N,%) | 515 (5.5) | 131 (7.0) | 114 (6.1) | 82 (4.3) | 86 (4.6) | 102 (5.4) | 0.001 | 9405 (100) |
Note: Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, PTH Parathyroid hormone, RRF Residual renal function, AKP alkaline phosphatase, FPG fasting plasma glucose, DM diabetes mellitus, CVD cardiovascular disease