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. 2019 Jul 31;18:121. doi: 10.1186/s12939-019-1020-4

Table 4.

Regression coefficient of log of consumption by mental health conditions, severity and covariates

(a) Severe mental disorder (SMD) study
Characteristics N (%), mean (SD) Household log of consumption
unadjusted model adjusted model
Mental health conditions, n (%) β (95% CI) β (95% CI)
Households of SMD with higher disability 148 (25.6) − 0.058 (− 0.200, 0.085) −0.106 (− 0.509, 0.273)
Households of SMD with lower disability 141 (24.4) −0.033 (− 0.184, 0.116) −0.010 (− 0.152, 0.172)
Households without SMD 289 (50.0) 1.00 1.00
Household characteristics
Household Composition††, mean (SD) 2.7 (0.9) 0.091*(0.021, 0.162) 0.030 (−0.051, 0.112)
Male household head 433(75.4) 0.108 (−0.027, 0.244) 0.063 (− 0.061, 0.188)
Urban residence 108(18.7) 0.322*** (0.168, 0.476) 0.083 (−0.300, 0.184)
Household head with no formal education 363(62.7) −0.155 (− 0.340, 0.029) −0.198 (− 0.387, 0.010)
Log of income 0.248 ***(0.186, 0.309) 0.227 ***(0.145, 0.309)
Total debt†† 341.2(974.5) ‡ 0.0001*** (0.000, 0.00014) 0.0007* (0.00001, 0.00010)
Lowest Wealth 109(18.9) −0.771***(− 0.946, − 0.595) −0.684 ***(− 0.923, − 0.445)
Log of annual health expenditure 0.011 (− 0.060, 0.083) - 0.013 (− 0.073, 0.047)
(b) Depression study
Characteristics N(%), or mean (SD) Household log of consumption
unadjusted model adjusted model
Mental health conditions (%) β (95% CI) β (95% CI)
Depression with higher disability 65 (25.3) −0.288** (−0.491, − 0.085) −0.122* (− 0.349, − 0.104)
Depression with lower disability 63 (24.5) −0.023 (− 0.257, 0.209) - 0.016 (− 0.157, 0.245)
Comparison households for depression 129 (50.2) 1.00 1.00
Household characteristics
Household Composition††,mean (SD) 2.6 (0.8) −0.225***(− 0.339, 0.110) −0.150 ***(− 0.292, − 0.081)
Male household head 197 (77.6) 0.082 (− 0.138, 0.303) 0.018 (− 0.236, 0.273)
Urban residence 51(19.8) 0.322*** (0.168, 0.476) 0.064 (− 0.317, 0.189)
Household head with no formal education 149 (58.2) − 0.565***(− 0.827, − 0.302) −0.256 (− 0.565, 0.052)
Log of income 0.323*** (0.217, 0.429) 0.201 **(0.088, 0.314)
Total debt†† 536.2 (1396.5) ‡ 0.00008*(0.00001, 0.00014) 0.00007* (0.00002, 0.00012)
Lowest Wealth −0.577***(− 0.862, − 0.292) −0.311**(− 0.684, 0.061)
Log of annual health expenditure 0.251*** (0.159,0.342) 0.209***(0.123, 0.294)

* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; ‡ = Birr; US$1 = Birr 20.69 (2015); CI, confidence interval; All estimates are based on OLS regression of change in outcome variables, controlling for covariate. Coefficient of a specific disorder (SMDs or depression) is from a separate OLS regression. †† HC (headcount); Reference group for household characteristics (female household head, rural residence, and more than primary education)