Figure 8.

Estradiol replacement rescued OVX-induced spine loss by gaining more and losing less spines. A, Experimental design for time-lapse two-photon imaging before and after vehicle or estrogen treatment of OVX mice. B, Representative images showing the spine dynamic before (d20) and after (d25) vehicle or E2 treatment. The yellow arrowheads mark the newly gained spines after E2 replacement. The plots summarized the spine density changes before and after vehicle (35 dendritic segments from 4 mice) and E2 (28 dendritic segments from 4 mice) treatments. C, The bar graphs show the gained and lost rate, as well as TOR of spines on various days by comparing them to the previous time point. The line plot showing the survival rate of spines presented in d19. The one-way ANOVA test was used for multigroup comparison (B), unpaired two-tailed t test for vehicle/E2 group comparison (B), paired two-tailed t test for before/after comparison (C), and repeated-measures two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test for survival rate comparison. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; NS for p > 0.05.