Table 2.
Description of participant demographics.
| Study identity | Number of participantsa | Mean age (SD or range)a | Age group (n)a | Gender (male), n (%)a |
| Abraham et al [32] | 20 | —b | 7-11 (4), 12-14 (9), 15-17 (7) | 8 (40) |
| Ammerlaan et al [33] | IGc: 10; CGd: 9 | IG: 22.3 (17-25); CG: 20.7 (17-25) | — | IG: 1 (10); CG: (2) 22 |
| Ammerlaan et al [34] | 13 | 20 (17-22) | — | 1 (8) |
| Applebaum et al [35] | Questionnaire: 35; Focus group: 20 | Questionnaire: 16.9 (13-20); Focus group: — | — | Survey: 9 (26); Focus group: — |
| Ashurst et al [36] | Stage 1: 6; Stage 2: 83 | Stage 1: 20.3 (3.3); Stage 2: 19.0 (2.6) | — | Stage 1: —; Stage 2: 37 (45) |
| Breakey et al [37] | 29 | IG: 16.0 (1.4); CG: 16.1 (1.4) | — | 29 (100) |
| Coyne et al [38] | Phase 1 questionnaire: 207, interview: 21; phase 2 co-design group: 5, telephone interview: 4, participatory workshop: 12 | — | Phase 1 questionnaire: 14-25 (207), interview participants: 14-25 (21); phase 2 co-design group: 15-25 (5), telephone interview: 15-25 (4), participatory workshop: 15-25 (12) | Phase 1 questionnaire: —, interview participants: —; phase 2 co-design group: 2 (40), telephone interview: —, participatory workshop: — |
| Huang et al [39] | 10 | 20 (18-25) | — | 4 (40) |
| Huang et al [19] | IG: 40; CG: 41 | IG: 17 (12-20)e; CG: 17 (12-19)e | — | IG: 17 (43); CG: 20 (49) |
| Johnson et al [40] | 134 | High PedsQL_Psycho: 15.9 (—); low PedsQL_Psycho: 16.3 (—) | — | High PedsQL_Psycho: 10 (15); low PedsQL_Psycho: 12 (18) |
| Joseph et al [41] | 314 | 15.3 (1.0) | — | 115 (37) |
| Korus et al [42] | 21 | — | 12-14 (7), 15-17 (13), 18 (1) | 14 (67) |
| Lopez et al [43] | Phase 2 expert panel: 6 | Phase 2 expert panel: 16 (15-19)e | — | Phase 2 expert panel: 2 (33) |
| Mulvaney et al [44] | IG: 48; CG: 24 | IG: 15.1 (1.5); CG: 15.1 (1.3) | — | IG: 25 (52); CG: 15 (62) |
| Mulvaney et al [45] | 41 | IG only: 15.1 (1.5) | — | IG only: 21 (51) |
| Paul [46] | Phase 1: —; phase 2: 5 (Only 3 participants completed phase 2) | — | Phase 1: —; phase 2: 14 (1), 15 (3), 17 (1) | Phase 1: —; phase 2: 3 (60) |
| Peters et al [47] | 20 | 17.8 (15-24) | — | 8 (40) |
| Runge et al [48] | 178 | IG1: 11.1 (2.4); IG2: 11.0 (2.2); CG: 11.5 (2.9) | — | IG1: 47 (55); IG2: 29 (66); CG: 38 (79) |
| Scal et al [49], Secor-Turner et al [60] | Youth: 5; Young adults: 5 | Youth:16.2 (14-21)f; Young adults: 25.4 (22-28)f | — | Youth: 2 (40)f; young adults: 1 (20)f |
| Schneider et al [50] | 16 | — | 13-18 (16) | — |
| Schneider et al [51] | 20 | 14.4 (1.6) | — | 9 (45) |
| Simmons et al [52] | Web-based focus group: 40; In-person message testing focus group: 19 | — | Web-based focus group: 16-17 (24), 18-19 years (16); In-person message testing focus group: 16-17 (12), 18-19 (7) | — |
| Slater et al [53] | 23 | 20.8 (2.4) | — | 3 (13) |
| Sterling et al [54] | 11 | 16.3 (12.8-18.3) | — | 11 (100) |
| Stinson et al [55] | 19 | 15.7 (1.5) | — | 5 (26) |
| Stinson et al [56] | IG: 22; CG: 24 | IG: 14.4 (1.3); CG: 14.8 (1.7) | — | IG: 7 (32); CG: 8 (33) |
| Stinson et al [57] | 23 | — | 14-18 (23) | 5 (22) |
| Whittemore et al [58] | Phase 1 intervention development: 3; Phase 2 randomized pilot trial: 12; program evaluation: 10 | Phase 1 intervention development: —; phase 2 randomized pilot trial: 14.4 (0.9); program evaluation: 14.0 (1.2) | — | Phase 1 intervention development: —; phase 2 randomized pilot trial: 5 (42); Program evaluation: 6 (60) |
| Zhao et al [59] | 10 | 20.2 (—) | — | 3 (30) |
aCharacteristics of parent, health care professional, or healthy participants are not included.
bNot specified or not reported.
cIG: intervention group.
dCG: comparison group.
eMedian years (minimum-maximum).
fInformation was obtained from a related, secondary source.