p50−/− mice exhibit a deficit in a hippocampal-dependent task requiring spatial short-term memory. Effect of different retention intervals on spatial memory performance of p50−/− and wt mice in the place recognition test. A, Wt mice, tested at 20 and 30 min retention intervals, entered the novel arm more frequently than the other arms, and when tested at 40 min entered the novel and other arms similarly. B, p50−/− mice tested at 20 min retention interval entered more frequently the novel arm than the others, but when tested at 30 and 40 min entered the novel and other arms similarly. C, Differences in spatial memory between the genotype groups: compared with wt mice, p50−/− mice showed a significant impairment in short-term spatial memory. *p < 0.05.