Comparison of the two optical responses induced by stimulation of layer III and layer V in the barrel cortex. A, Sample pseudocolor images of optical responses obtained 1, 10, and 16 ms after stimulation of layer III. B, Sample pseudocolor images of optical responses obtained 1, 10, and 16 ms after stimulation of layer V before (a) and after application of picrotoxin (100 μm) (b), displaying a beaded-string-like horizontal spread (a) and band-like horizontal spread (b), respectively. C, Averaged temporal profiles of optical responses at ROI-1 (n = 4) after stimulation of layer III (black circles) and layer V (blue circles), showing fast and slow rising time courses, respectively. D, Averaged temporal profiles of optical responses at ROI-1 (n = 4) (a, blue circles) and -2 (n = 4) (b, red circles) obtained by stimulation of layer V, before (filled circles) and after (open circles) application of picrotoxin. E, Averaged vertical (n = 4) (a) and horizontal spatial profiles (n = 4) (b) of optical responses obtained 16–32 ms after stimulation of layer V in the absence (solid curve) and presence of picrotoxin (dotted curves).